The use of acoustic reflectometry in the study of middle ear effusion in children suffering from acute otits media, upper respiratory tract infection and in healthy children

1996 ◽  
Vol 155 (12) ◽  
pp. 1027-1030
Author(s):  
U. Bollag ◽  
E. Bollag-Albrecht ◽  
C. Braun-Fahrländer
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Ear Effusion

scholarly journals Toll-Like Receptors: Expression and Roles in Otitis Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7868
Author(s):  
Su Young Jung ◽  
Dokyoung Kim ◽  
Dong Choon Park ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Tong In Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Otitis media is mainly caused by upper respiratory tract infection and eustachian tube dysfunction. If external upper respiratory tract infection is not detected early in the middle ear, or an appropriate immune response does not occur, otitis media can become a chronic state or complications may occur. Therefore, given the important role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the early response to external antigens, we surveyed the role of TLRs in otitis media. To summarize the role of TLR in otitis media, we reviewed articles on the expression of TLRs in acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), chronic otitis media (COM) with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. Many studies showed that TLRs 1–10 are expressed in AOM, OME, COM with cholesteatoma, and COM without cholesteatoma. TLR expression in the normal middle ear mucosa is absent or weak, but is increased in inflammatory fluid of AOM, effusion of OME, and granulation tissue and cholesteatoma of COM. In addition, TLRs show increased or decreased expression depending on the presence or absence of bacteria, recurrence of disease, tissue type, and repeated surgery. In conclusion, expression of TLRs is associated with otitis media. Inappropriate TLR expression, or delayed or absent induction, are associated with the occurrence, recurrence, chronicization, and complications of otitis media. Therefore, TLRs are very important in otitis media and closely related to its etiology.

Seroconversion Rates to Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella Vaccine of Children With Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-516
Author(s):  
Penelope H. Dennehy ◽  
Georges Peter ◽  
Cheryl L. Saracen
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Antibody Levels

Objective. To determine if upper respiratory tract infection (URI) affects the seroconversion rate or quantitative response to each component of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine. Subjects and methods. One hundred forty-nine children between 15 and 18 months of age were prospectively divided into two groups according to the presence of URI or recent history of URI symptoms within the 4 weeks before vaccination. Once stratified, 74 children in the healthy group and 75 children in the URI group were randomly assigned to receive one of three lots of measles-mumps-rubella varicella vaccine by subcutaneous injection into the deltoid area. Serum was obtained from each child just before vaccination and 4 to 6 weeks later for measuring antibody levels against each virus. Results. Prevaccination antibody levels against each virus in the URI and healthy groups did not differ. Nine children had pre-existing antibodies to varicella and six to mumps; no child had positive serologies for measles or rubella before vaccination. Children with pre-existing antibody were excluded from analysis of seroconversion for that virus. Seroconversion to measles, mumps, and rubella occurred in 100% of children in both groups. Mean antibody levels did not differ between the healthy and URI groups for measles (111 vs 122), mumps (97 vs 108), or rubella (96 vs 102). Three (4%) of 70 children with URIs in whom varicella serologies were available failed to seroconvert to varicella vaccine although none of the 69 healthy children had vaccine failure (P = .24). The mean varicella antibody level was 11.3 ± 1.4 in the healthy children, which did not differ significantly from the level of 9.5 ± 0.9 in the URI group. Conclusions. Seroconversion to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella was not significantly affected by the presence of a concurrent or recent URI in 15-to 18-month-old children.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Montelukast for Prevention of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dorreh ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Esmaili ◽  
Parsa Yousefhajian ◽  
Mahdieh Naziri ◽  
Aziz Eghbali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Background: Upper Respiratory tract infection (URTI) or common cold is very prevalent in children particularly in young children. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) like montelukast are effective drugs in asthma and some other respiratory diseases. Our purpose was to study preventive effects of montelukast on pediatric URTI. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, and double blind trial was performed on 450 healthy children aged 1-5 year in Amir Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran. Children were randomized 1:1 to placebo group or montelukast group for 12 weeks. Number of URTI episodes and duration were the primary end points and were compared at baseline and after termination of treatment. Results: Mean age was 28 ± 12.3 months. Mean of URTI episodes was 0.7 ± 0.57 in children treated with montelukast and 1.27 ± 0.72 in children treated with placebo, respectively. Differences were statistically significant (P =0.01). A significant difference was seen in URTI duration between two study groups (6.3 ± 6.1 vs 4.1 ± 3.9, P = 0.05). In addition, duration of fever was shorter in children receiving montelukast (P=0.001). Conclusion: Our study indicates that 3 month treatment with montelukast is effective for reducing the incidence of URTI in young children. This treatment has an acceptable safety without any serious concern.

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