Morphological study of the tegmental pedunculopontine nucleus, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus, and their interconnections in rat organotypic culture

2000 ◽  
Vol 201 (6) ◽  
pp. 435-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritaka Ichinohe ◽  
B. Teng ◽  
S. T. Kitai
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Tegmental Pedunculopontine Nucleus

Basal Ganglia

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Farwa Ali ◽  
Eduardo E. Benarroch
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Accumbens ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Motor Program ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Program Selection

The basal ganglia are a group of nuclei that are involved in motor, cognitive, and behavioral circuits and are especially important in motor program selection and motor learning. The key components of the basal ganglia and their circuitry include the striatum (putamen, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens), globus pallidus (GP), subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra, pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), and parts of the thalamus and cortex. The basal ganglia have parallel motor, oculomotor, associative, and limbic circuits. This chapter reviews the anatomy and circuitry of the basal ganglia.

Pedunculopontine nucleus evoked potentials from subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Neagu ◽  
Eric Tsang ◽  
Filomena Mazzella ◽  
Clement Hamani ◽  
Elena Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation

Role of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Cannabinoid Actions in the Substantia Nigra of the Rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1635-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clara Sañudo-Peña ◽  
J. Michael Walker
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Excitatory Input ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Cannabinoid Antagonist ◽  
Substantia Nigra Reticulata ◽  
Cannabinoid Agonist ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sañudo-Peña, M. Clara and J. Michael Walker. Role of the subthalamic nucleus in cannabinoid actions in the substantia nigra of the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 1635–1638, 1997. The effect of cannabinoids on the excitatory input to the substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) from the subthalamic nucleus was explored. For this purpose a knife cut was performed rostral to the subthalamic nucleus to isolate the subthalamic nucleus and the SNr from the striatum, a major source of cannabinoid receptors to the SNr. The data showed that the cannabinoid agonist WIN55,212-2 blocked the increase in the firing rate of SNr neurons induced by stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus with bicuculline. Furthermore, the cannabinoid antagonist SR141716A antagonized the effect of the cannabinoid agonist. This study showed that cannabinoids regulate not only the striatonigral pathway, as previously reported, but also the subthalamonigral pathway. The opposite influences of these two inputs to the SNr, inhibitory and excitatory respectively, suggest that endogenous cannabinoids play a major role in the physiological regulation of the SNr.

Subthalamo-Pallidal Circuit

2017 ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
Charles J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Subthalamic Nucleus ◽  
Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata ◽  
Modern Methods

The subthalamo-pallidal system constitutes the second layer of circuitry in the basal ganglia, downstream of the striatum. It consists of four nuclei. Two of them, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) and subthalamic nucleus (STN), make their connections primarily within the basal ganglia. The others, the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), are the output nuclei of the basal ganglia. Collectively, their axons distribute collaterals to all the targets of the basal ganglia. Rare interneurons have been reported in each of them from studies of Golgi-stained preparations, but they have not so far been confirmed using more modern methods. The circuit as described here is based primarily on studies of the axonal arborizations of neurons stained individually by intracellular or juxtacellular labeling.

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