Pair-rule and gap gene mutants in the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum

1998 ◽  
Vol 208 (10) ◽  
pp. 558-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Maderspacher ◽  
Gregor Bucher ◽  
Martin Klingler
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Pair Rule

scholarly journals Evidence for the temporal regulation of insect segmentation by a conserved set of developmental transcription factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Clark ◽  
Andrew D. Peel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Temporal Regulation ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Spatiotemporal Information ◽  
Segmentation Gene Expression ◽  
Pair Rule

ABSTRACTLong-germ insects, such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, pattern their segments simultaneously, whereas short germ insects, such as the beetle Tribolium castaneum, pattern their segments sequentially, from anterior to posterior. While the two modes of segmentation at first appear to be very different, many details of segmentation gene expression are surprisingly similar between long-germ and short-germ species. Collectively, these observations hint that insect segmentation may involve fairly conserved patterning mechanisms, which occur within an evolutionarily malleable spatiotemporal framework. Based on genetic and comparative evidence, we now propose that, in both Drosophila and Tribolium embryos, the temporal progression of the segmentation process is regulated by a temporal sequence of Caudal, Dichaete, and Odd-paired expression. These three transcription factors are broadly expressed in segmenting tissues, providing spatiotemporal information that intersects with the information provided by periodically-expressed segmentation genes such as the pair-rule factors. However, they are deployed differently in long-germ versus short-germ insects, acting as simple timers in Drosophila, but as smooth, retracting wavefronts in Tribolium, compatible with either gap gene-based or oscillator-based generation of periodicity, respectively.

A Novel Method for the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum (H.) using Headspace-SPME Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihab Alnajim ◽  
Manjree Agarwal ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
YongLin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Signals ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Specific Chemical ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Spme Fibre

Background: The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the world’s most serious stored grain insect pests. A method of early and rapid identification of red flour beetle in stored products is urgently required to improve control options. Specific chemical signals identified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) that are released by the beetle can serve as biomarkers. Methods: The Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME) technique and the analytical conditions with GC and GCMS were optimised and validated for the determination of VOCs released from T. castaneum. Results: The 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS SPME fibre was selected for extraction of VOCs from T. castaneum. The efficiency of extraction of VOCs was significantly affected by the extraction time, temperature, insect density and type of SPME fibre. Twenty-three VOCs were extracted from insects in 4 mL flask at 35 ± 1°C for four hours of extraction and separated and identified with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. The major VOCs or chemical signals from T. castaneum were 1-pentadecene, p-Benzoquinone, 2-methyl- and p-Benzoquinone, 2-ethyl. Conclusion: This study showed that HS-SPME GC technology is a robust and cost-effective method for extraction and identification of the unique VOCs produced by T. castaneum. Therefore, this technology could lead to a new approach in the timely detection of T. castaneum and its subsequent treatment.

scholarly journals Woot, an Active Gypsy-Class Retrotransposon in the Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum, is Associated With a Recent Mutation

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-426
Author(s):  
Richard W Beeman ◽  
M Scott Thomson ◽  
John M Clark ◽  
Marco A DeCamillis ◽  
Susan J Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Frameshift Mutation ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Intron Sequence ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Reading Frames

Abstract A recently isolated, lethal mutation of the homeotic Abdominal gene of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum is associated with an insertion of a novel retrotransposon into an intron. Sequence analysis indicates that this retrotransposon, named Woot, is a member of the gypsy family of mobile elements. Most strains of T. castaneum appear to harbor ~25-35 copies of Woot per genome. Woot is composed of long terminal repeats of unprecedented length (3.6 kb each), flanking an internal coding region 5.0 kb in length. For most copies of Woot, the internal region includes two open reading frames (ORFs) that correspond to the gag and pol genes of previously described retrotransposons and retroviruses. The copy of Woot inserted into Abdominal bears an apparent single frameshift mutation that separates the normal second ORF into two. Woot does not appear to generate infectious virions by the criterion that no envelop gene is discernible. The association of Woot with a recent mutation suggests that this retroelement is currently transpositionally active in at least some strains.

scholarly journals Rating knockdown of flour beetles after exposure to two insecticides as an indicator of mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos G. Athanassiou ◽  
Nickolas G. Kavallieratos ◽  
Frank H. Arthur ◽  
Christos T. Nakas
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Red Flour Beetle ◽  
Flour Beetle ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Flour Beetles ◽  
Confused Flour Beetle ◽  
Contact Insecticides

AbstractKnockdown and mortality of adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, were assessed after exposure to two contact insecticides, chlorfenapyr and cyfluthrin, on a concrete surface. Individuals were rated on a scale for knockdown of exposed adults according to their mobility from 1, representing immobilized adults to 5, representing normally moving (similar to the controls). Only cyfluthrin gave immediate knockdown. Adults were rated at 1, 3 and 7 days post-exposure. After the final assessment, adults were discarded and the same procedure was repeated for 5 consecutive weeks with new adults exposed on the same treated surfaces. Despite initial knockdown, many individuals did not eventually die after exposure to cyfluthrin. In contrast, adults exposed to chlorfenapyr were not initially knocked down after exposure but most died after 7 days. These trends were similar during the entire 5-week residual testing period. The storage of the treated dishes in illuminated or non-illuminated conditions did not affect the insecticidal effect of either insecticide. The results of the present study can be further implemented towards the design of a “lethality index” that can serve as a quick indicator of knockdown and mortality rates caused after exposure to insecticides.

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