A new D-type cyclin of Arabidopsis thaliana expressed during lateral root primordia formation

Planta ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieven De Veylder ◽  
Janice de Almeida Engler ◽  
Sylvia Burssens ◽  
Alexandra Manevski ◽  
Bernard Lescure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia

scholarly journals Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
pp. jbc.RA120.014543
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Chapman ◽  
Gloria K. Muday
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Genes Encoding

Flavonoids are a class of specialized metabolites with subclasses including flavonols and anthocyanins, which have unique properties as antioxidants. Flavonoids modulate plant development, but whether and how they impact lateral root development is unclear. We examined potential roles for flavonols in this process using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with defects in genes encoding key enzymes in flavonoid biosynthesis. We observed the tt4 and fls1 mutants, which produce no flavonols, have increased lateral root emergence. The tt4 root phenotype was reversed by genetic and chemical complementation. To more specifically define the flavonoids involved, we tested an array of flavonoid biosynthetic mutants, eliminating roles for anthocyanins and the flavonols quercetin and isorhamnetin in modulating root development. Instead, two tt7 mutant alleles, with defects in a branchpoint enzyme blocking quercetin biosynthesis, formed reduced numbers of lateral roots, and tt7-2 had elevated levels of kaempferol. Using a flavonol-specific dye, we observed that in the tt7-2 mutant, kaempferol accumulated within lateral root primordia at higher levels than wild-type. These data are consistent with kaempferol, or downstream derivatives, acting as a negative regulator of lateral root emergence. We examined ROS accumulation using ROS-responsive probes and found reduced fluorescence of a superoxide-selective probe within the primordia of tt7-2 compared to wild type, but not in the tt4 mutant, consistent with opposite effects of these mutants on lateral root emergence. These results support a model in which increased level of kaempferol in the lateral root primordia of tt7-2 reduces superoxide concentration and ROS-stimulated lateral root emergence.

scholarly journals Flavonols modulate lateral root emergence by scavenging reactive oxygen species in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan M. Chapman ◽  
Gloria K. Muday
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Genes Encoding

AbstractFlavonoids are plant-specific antioxidant compounds that modulate plant development, which include flavonols and anthocyanins subclasses. In Arabidopsis thaliana, mutants in genes encoding each step in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway have been isolated. We used these mutants to examine the role of flavonols in initiation and emergence of lateral roots and asked whether this regulation occurs through scavenging ROS. The tt4 mutants have a defect in the first committed step of flavonoid biosynthesis and have increased lateral root emergence. This phenotype was reversed by both genetic and chemical complementation. Using these flavonoid biosynthetic mutants, we eliminated roles for anthocyanins and the flavonols, quercetin and isorhamnetin, in controlling lateral root development. The tt7-2 mutant has a defect in a branchpoint enzyme blocking quercetin biosynthesis that led to elevated levels of kaempferol and reduced lateral roots. Kaempferol accumulated within lateral root primordia and was significantly increased in tt7-2. Thee data are consistent with kaempferol acting as a negative regulator of lateral root emergence. We examined ROS accumulation above and within the primordia using a general ROS sensor and identified increased signal above the primordia of the tt4 and tt7-2 mutants compared to wild type. Using a superoxide specific sensor, we detected a decrease in signal within the primordia of tt7-2, but not the tt4 mutant, compared to wild type. Together, these results support a model in which increased level of kaempferol in tt7-2 leads to a reduction in superoxide concentration in the lateral root primordia thereby reducing ROS-stimulated lateral root emergence.

Organization and cell differentiation in lateral roots of Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Malamy ◽  
P.N. Benfey
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Cell Type Specific

Lateral root formation in plants involves the stimulation of mature pericycle cells to proliferate and redifferentiate to create a new organ. The simple organization of the root of Arabidopsis thaliana allows the development of lateral root primordia to be characterized histologically. We have divided the process of lateral root development into 8 stages defined by specific anatomical characteristics and cell divisions. To identify the cell types in the developing primordium we have generated a collection of marker lines that express beta-glucuronidase in a tissue- or cell type-specific manner in the root. Using these tools we have constructed a model describing the lineage of each cell type in the lateral root. These studies show that organization and cell differentiation in the lateral root primordia precede the appearance of a lateral root meristem, with differential gene expression apparent after the first set of divisions of the pericycle.

scholarly journals Protocol: a method to study the direct reprogramming of lateral root primordia to fertile shoots

Plant Methods ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Kareem ◽  
Dhanya Radhakrishnan ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Subhikshaa Bagavathiappan ◽  
Zankhana B. Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Direct Reprogramming ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia

scholarly journals Cell Death in Cells Overlying Lateral Root Primordia Facilitates Organ Growth in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464.e7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sacha Escamez ◽  
Domenique André ◽  
Bernadette Sztojka ◽  
Benjamin Bollhöner ◽  
Hardy Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Lateral Root Primordia ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
In Cells
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