Chemical zoning and crystallization mechanisms in the magma chamber of the Pomici di Base plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius (Italy)

P. Landi; A. Bertagnini; M. Rosi

doi:10.1007/s004100050505

Compositional Layering and Syn-eruptive Mixing of a Periodically Refilled Shallow Magma Chamber: the AD 79 Plinian Eruption of Vesuvius

Journal of Petrology ◽

10.1093/petrology/36.3.739 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 739-776 ◽

Cited By ~ 133

Author(s):

R. CIONI ◽

L. CIVETTA ◽

P. MARIANELLI ◽

N. METRICH ◽

R. SANTACROCE ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magma Chamber ◽

Plinian Eruption ◽

Shallow Magma Chamber

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Magma evolution inside the 1631 Vesuvius magma chamber and eruption triggering

Open Geosciences ◽

10.1515/geo-2017-0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francesco Stoppa ◽

Claudia Principe ◽

Mariangela Schiazza ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Paola Giosa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Magma Chamber ◽

Plinian Eruption ◽

Magma Evolution ◽

Eruption Triggering ◽

Reference Event ◽

Petrographic Description

AbstractVesuvius is a high-risk volcano and the 1631 Plinian eruption is a reference event for the next episode of explosive unrest. A complete stratigraphic and petrographic description of 1631 pyroclastics is given in this study. During the 1631 eruption a phonolite was firstly erupted followed by a tephritic phonolite and finally a phonolitic tephrite, indicating a layered magma chamber. We suggest that phonolitic basanite is a good candidate to be the primitive parental-melt of the 1631 eruption. Composition of apatite from the 1631 pyroclastics is different from those of CO

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The “Pomici di mercato” Plinian eruption of Somma-Vesuvius: magma chamber processes and eruption dynamics

Bulletin of Volcanology ◽

10.1007/s00445-007-0172-z ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 825-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M. Aulinas ◽

L. Civetta ◽

M. A. Di Vito ◽

G. Orsi ◽

D. Gimeno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magma Chamber ◽

Plinian Eruption ◽

Eruption Dynamics ◽

Magma Chamber Processes

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The 3550 year BP-1944 A.D.magma-plumbing system of Somma-Vesuvius: constraints on its behaviour and present state through a review of Sr-Nd isotope data

Annals of Geophysics ◽

10.4401/ag-3354 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 47 (4) ◽

Author(s):

L. Pappalardo ◽

M. Piochi ◽

G. Mastrolorenzo

Keyword(s):

Magma Chamber ◽

Large Scale ◽

Crustal Contamination ◽

Plinian Eruption ◽

Isotopic Ratios ◽

Major Activity ◽

Equilibrium Crystallization ◽

Effusive Activity ◽

Deep Reservoir ◽

The One

Vesuvius, dominating the densely-populated Neapolitan area, is one of the most dangerous volcanoes in the World. Its destructive power derives from energetic subplinian and plinian eruptions, such as the one which occurred in 79 A.D. Generally such large-scale events follow a long period of quiescence; a behaviour interpreted as the gradual build-up of magma volumes between periods of major activity. After the 1631 subplinian eruption until the last 1944 A.D. eruption, it experienced an almost continuous and less energetic explosive/effusive activity. The erupted magmas are characterized by undersaturated potassic to ultrapotassic nature, and compositional and Sr-isotopic variability. Furthermore geobarometric studies indicate two different crystallization depths located at 4 and >11 km, respectively. According to most of the recent literature, the eruptions were triggered by the injection in a shallower magma chamber, of isotopically distinct magma batches derived from heterogeneous mantle source(s) and/or contamination processes occurred within the deep reservoir. In our review of petrochemical data, we consider the period between the 3550 years BP plinian eruption and the 472 A.D. sub-plinian eruption, which includes 79 A.D. event, and the most recent period of activity which started in 1631 A.D. and lasted up to the 1944 A.D. eruption, characterized by a near continuous effusive/explosive activity. For both periods we identify a correlation between Sr-isotopical features of magmas and their crystallization depth. In particular, we show that pyroxenes have Sr-isotopic ratios lower than 0.7074 and an equilibrium crystallization depth of 22-11 km. Moreover feldspars have higher 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7075-7) and an equilibrium crystallization depth of about 4 km. Therefore the most radiogenic magmas did not derive from a deeper reservoir but their higher Sr-isotopic ratios have been acquired at a shallower depth likely by crustal contamination during magma evolution. In contrast, the lower Sr-isotope compositions characterise the less contaminated magmas coming from deeper crustal levels. On the basis of this evidence, the temporal Sr-isotopical variation of magma which erupted in the 1631-1944 A.D. period probably derives from the progressive withdrawal of the shallow magma chamber, which was completely empty before the 1805-1944 A.D. period of volcanism. Therefore the effusive and explosive events of the most recent 1805-1944 A.D. period were fed directly by the deep reservoir located at a depth exceding 11 km.

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The volcanogenetic significance of garnet-bearing minor intrusions within the Borrowdale Volcanic Group Eskdale area, Cumbria

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s0016756800018641 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 128 (5) ◽

pp. 505-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

B. Beddoe-Stephens ◽

I. Mason

Keyword(s):

Magma Chamber ◽

Lava Dome ◽

Volcanic Rocks ◽

Caldera Collapse ◽

Bridge Formation ◽

Chemical Zoning ◽

Volcanic Group ◽

Eruptive Episode ◽

Basal Half ◽

High Level

AbstractA number of garnetiferous minor intrusions have been mapped within the Borrowdale Volcanic Group. They underlie garnetiferous extrusive volcanic rocks which occur toward the top of a sequence of ignimbrite and lava – the Airy's Bridge Formation – which is the product of a major caldera-forming eruptive episode. Garnet and whole-rock geochemistry indicate that most of the intrusions are indistinguishable from garnetiferous dacite forming the final eruptive unit of the Airy's Bridge Formation: a co-magmatic link is therefore postulated. One of the intrusions, which intrudes the Airy's Bridge Formation, is distinct and may be related to the later Eskdale pluton.It is suggested that following the emplacement of ignimbrites forming the basal half of the Airy's Bridge Formation, caldera collapse partially sealed a fissure-conduit system and degassed, garnet-bearing magma was intruded as dykes and sills and locally extruded as a post-explosive lava dome. It is also postulated that garnet crystallized in a high-level magma chamber (P < 3 kb) and that reverse chemical zoning was due to growth while sinking through compositionally stratified magma.

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