CD24, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule, is transiently expressed during the development of human central nervous system and is a marker of human neural cell lineage tumors

1996 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Poncet ◽  
Véronique Frances ◽  
Roberto Gristina ◽  
Claudie Scheiner ◽  
Jean-François Pellissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Human Neural Cell

scholarly journals Towards human central nervous system in vitro models for preclinical research: strategies for 3D neural cell culture

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (Suppl 8) ◽  
pp. P53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Simão ◽  
Inês Costa ◽  
Margarida Serra ◽  
Johannes Schwarz ◽  
Catarina Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Preclinical Research

Acute and Persistent Infection of Human Neural Cell Lines by Human Coronavirus OC43

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 3338-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Arbour ◽  
Geneviève Côté ◽  
Claude Lachance ◽  
Marc Tardieu ◽  
Neil R. Cashman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Human Neural Cell ◽  
Neural Cell Lines

ABSTRACT Human coronaviruses (HuCV) are recognized respiratory pathogens. Data accumulated by different laboratories suggest their neurotropic potential. For example, primary cultures of human astrocytes and microglia were shown to be susceptible to an infection by the OC43 strain of HuCV (A. Bonavia, N. Arbour, V. W. Yong, and P. J. Talbot, J. Virol. 71:800–806, 1997). We speculate that the neurotropism of HuCV will lead to persistence within the central nervous system, as was observed for murine coronaviruses. As a first step in the verification of our hypothesis, we have characterized the susceptibility of various human neural cell lines to infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen, infectious virus progeny, and viral RNA were monitored during both acute and persistent infections. The astrocytoma cell lines U-87 MG, U-373 MG, and GL-15, as well as neuroblastoma SK-N-SH, neuroglioma H4, oligodendrocytic MO3.13, and the CHME-5 immortalized fetal microglial cell lines, were all susceptible to an acute infection by HuCV-OC43. Viral antigen and RNA and release of infectious virions were observed during persistent HuCV-OC43 infections (∼130 days of culture) of U-87 MG, U-373 MG, MO3.13, and H4 cell lines. Nucleotide sequences of RNA encoding the putatively hypervariable viral S1 gene fragment obtained after 130 days of culture were compared to that of initial virus input. Point mutations leading to amino acid changes were observed in all persistently infected cell lines. Moreover, an in-frame deletion was also observed in persistently infected H4 cells. Some point mutations were observed in some molecular clones but not all, suggesting evolution of the viral population and the emergence of viral quasispecies during persistent infection of H4, U-87 MG, and MO3.13 cell lines. These results are consistent with the potential persistence of HuCV-OC43 in cells of the human nervous system, accompanied by the production of infectious virions and molecular variation of viral genomic RNA.

Sex Differences in Cognition

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-66
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hampson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Organizational and activational effects of sex steroids were first discovered in laboratory animals, but these concepts extend to hormonal actions in the human central nervous system. This chapter begins with a brief overview of how sex steroids act in the brain and how the organizational-activational hypothesis originated in the field of endocrinology. It then reviews common methods used to study these effects in humans. Interestingly, certain cognitive functions appear to be subject to modification by sex steroids, and these endocrine influences may help explain the sex differences often seen in these functions. The chapter considers spatial cognition as a representative example because the spatial family of functions has received the most study by researchers interested in the biological roots of sex differences in cognition. The chapter reviews evidence that supports an influence of both androgens and estrogens on spatial functions, and concludes with a glimpse of where the field is headed.

Humoral immune responses within the human central nervous system following systemic immunization

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnhild Sandberg-Wollheim ◽  
Burton Zweiman ◽  
Arnold I. Levinson ◽  
Robert P. Lisak
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

Simulations of Synaptic Transmission Using Lattice Boltzmann Methods

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrak Mahmoudi ◽  
Piroz Zamankhan ◽  
William Polashenski
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Chemical Substance ◽  
Human Central Nervous System ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Methods ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
System A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The nervous system remains one of the least understood biological structures due in large part to the enormous complexity of this organ. A theoretical model for the transfer of nerve impulses would be valuable for the analysis of various phenomena in the nervous system, which are difficult to study by experiments. The central nervous system is composed of more than 100 billion neurons, through which information is transmitted via nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are not immediately apparent since each impulse may be blocked during transmission, changed from a single impulse into repetitive impulse, or integrated with impulses from other neurons to form highly intricate patterns. In the human central nervous system, a neuron secretes a chemical substance called a neurotransmitter at the synapse, and this transmitter in turn acts on another neuron to cause excitation, inhibition, or some other modification of its sensitivity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document