Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) promoter polymorphisms in various ethnic groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. O. Baerwald ◽  
C. -C. Mok ◽  
M. Tickly ◽  
C. S. Lau ◽  
B. P. Wordsworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Promoter Polymorphisms ◽  
Releasing Hormone

scholarly journals Corticotropin releasing hormone and the immune/inflammatory response

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S77-S84 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Mastorakos ◽  
Eftychia I Karoutsou ◽  
Maria Mizamtsidi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Aseptic Inflammation ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts as the major physiologic ACTH secretagog. Moreover, CRH is distributed in the brain and spinal cord, adrenal medulla, testes, ovaries, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, myometrium, endometrium, placenta, and diverse inflammatory sites. Immunoreactive CRH has been found in the cytoplasm of immune accessory cells (macrophages, endothelial cells, and tissue fibroblasts), and in inflammatory sites of both acute and chronic inflammation (synovial lining cell layers and blood vessels from the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis). Additionally, the local presence of CRH in the uveitic eyes, cytoplasm of inflammatory cells (macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells) infiltrating the iris, ciliary body, vitreous, retina, and choroid appears to be of pivotal importance in the process of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis. Traditionally, hypothalamic CRH has been considered to act indirectly in an anti-inflammatory fashion, since the end product of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is cortisol, a well-known anti-inflammatory compound. However, CRH produced at peripheral inflammatory sites has been shown to participate in an autocrine/paracrine stimulation of inflammation. Thus, CRH may have a peripheral, primarily activating role on the immune system. The mechanisms of the CRH-mediated component of the immune/inflammatory response are still unclear. CRH in inflammatory sites seems to be involved in the activation of the Fas/Fas ligand system. Furthermore, locally produced embryonic and endometrial CRH plays a role in both the aseptic inflammatory process of implantation and the anti-rejection process that protects the fetus from the maternal immune system. There are two types of G-protein-coupled CRH receptors (CRH-R1 and CRH-R2). Pyrrolopyrimidine compounds, such as antalarmin, have been developed as CRH-R1 receptor antagonists. Confirming the peripheral pro-inflammatory actions of CRH, antalarmin has been shown to suppress experimental aseptic inflammation. Thus, antalarmin may represent the first in a new class of anti-inflammatory agents operating through CRH-R1. Studies of CRH genetics have provided new insights on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. DNA variation across the CRH gene-containing region has been examined in families with multiple cases of rheumatoid arthritis. Transmission Disequilibrium Test analysis showed significant association at the CRH locus.

scholarly journals Lack of association between the corticotropin-releasing hormone locus and rheumatoid arthritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2706-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Julià ◽  
Dominique Gallardo ◽  
Francisco Vidal ◽  
Carles Tomàs ◽  
Pere Barceló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

Distribution of corticotropin-releasing hormone promoter polymorphism in different ethnic groups: evidence for natural selection in human populations

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 894-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph G.O. Baerwald ◽  
C. C. Mok ◽  
Mark S. Fife ◽  
Mohammad Tikly ◽  
Chak Sing Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone

scholarly journals Differential Changes of Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) Concentrations in Plasma and Synovial Fluids of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA).

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
TATSUYA NISHIOKA ◽  
HISAYO KUROKAWA ◽  
TOSHIHIRO TAKAO ◽  
YOSHITAKA KUMON ◽  
Koji NISHIYA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Synovial Fluids

Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) is a proinflammatory peptide in mouse ileum

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A38-A39
Author(s):  
M WLK ◽  
C WANG ◽  
M VENICHAKI ◽  
S KUHNTMOORE ◽  
D ZHAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Mouse Ileum
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