Diurnal and seasonal patterns of nitrogenase activity of red alder in comparison with white clover in silvopastoral agroforestry systems

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Teklehaimanot ◽  
R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Red Alder

Influence of actinomycetes on Frankia infection, nitrogenase activity and seedling growth of red alder

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor S. Rojas ◽  
David A. Perry ◽  
C.Y. Li ◽  
Jacob Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Red Alder

Effect of white clover mosaic virus infection on various processes relevant to symbiotic N2 fixation in red clover

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Khadhair ◽  
R. C. Sinha ◽  
J. F. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
White Clover Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus Infection

The effect of white clover mosaic virus infection on several factors relevant to symbiotic N2 fixation was determined in nodulated red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plants at 10-leaf, preblooming, blooming, and flower-senescence stages of growth, corresponding to 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after virus inoculation, respectively. Virus infection caused a significant [Formula: see text] reduction of plant growth (top and root weight), nodulation (number and weight of nodules), rhizobial population, nitrogenase activity, and leghemoglobin concentration in the nodules. The presence of a high concentration of virus within nodules at all harvest times was indicated by infectivity assays. The leghemoglobin was shown to be localized in the peribacteroidal space by a cytochemical technique. A significant increase in inducible nitrate reductase activity was associated with virus infection of plants.

scholarly journals Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Xie ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Ze-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
N Acquisition

The present work aimed to analyse whether and how single or dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and rhizobia (Rhizobium trifolii) improved plant growth and stimulated nitrogen (N) acquisition of white clover. AMF inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased root nodule number by 117‒173%, and additional Rh considerably stimulated mycorrhizal growth. Single AMF or Rh treatment dramatically increased shoot by 36‒281% and root biomass by 16‒36% than non-inoculated control, and dual inoculation of Rh and P. occultum or R. intraradices further magnified the positive effect. Leaf and root N content, root total soluble protein content, root nitrogenase activity, and amino acid (e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, phenylalanine, proline, and tryptophan) concentrations were significantly increased by single or dual inoculation, while dual inoculation of AMF and Rh had significantly superior roles than single corresponding AMF or Rh inoculation. These results suggested that AMF and Rh represented synergetic effects on accelerating N acquisition of white clover to some extent, while the combination of P. occultum and Rh was the best.  

Seasonal patterns of root nodule growth, endophyte morphology, nitrogenase activity, and shoot development in Myrica gale

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 746-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa R. Schwintzer ◽  
Alison M. Berry ◽  
Lynn D. Disney
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Shoot Development ◽  
Infected Tissue ◽  
Actinorhizal Plants ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Nodule Biomass ◽  
Infected Cells

Myrica gale L. populations growing in central Massachusetts were observed throughout the ice-free season. Nitrogenase activity appeared in mid-May shortly after budbreak, was at its maximum between late June and mid-August, and disappeared in late October after all leaves had fallen. Growth of overwintering nodules began in early May and was largely complete by mid-July. Most nodules (88%) lived for 3 years or less and 61% of the nodule biomass present in autumn was produced during the current season.Colonizing hyphae of the Frankia sp. endophyte were seen throughout the year in partially expanded cortical cells near the nodule lobe apex. Vesicles first appeared in mature cortical cells coincident with the onset of nitrogenase activity in mid-May, occupied the bulk of the infected tissue during the summer, and disappeared as nitrogenase activity ceased in late October. Evidence is presented that the vesicles are the site of nitrogenase activity and are newly produced each season in freshly formed nodule lobe tissue. Sporangia frequently formed in mature infected cells in nodules at one site but were rare at another. The processes described here in M. gale are probably typical of winter-deciduous actinorhizal plants.

Energy status and cytochromes in isolated endophytic vesicle clusters of red alder root nodules

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Te May Ching ◽  
Philip A. Monaco ◽  
Kim K. Ching
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Cellular Energy ◽  
Adenylate Pool ◽  
39 B 22 ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Anaerobically isolated endophytic vesicle clusters from root nodules of Alnusrubra Bong. were low in cellular energy charge (0.4 to 0.5), total adenylate pool (0.4 to 0.9 nmolùmg protein−1), and nitrogenase activity (0.1 to 0.3 nmolùmg protein−1). Upon addition of substrate (glucose, sucrose, isocitrate + isocitrate dehydrogenase + NADP), energy charge decreased by 2 to 20%, total adenylate pool increased by 3- to 11-fold, and nitrogenase activity increased by 50 to 500%. Only ATP and dithionite supported substantial nitrogenase activity and greatly elevated energy status. Treating vesicle clusters with macerase and cellulase to remove the host capsule facilitated substrate and oxygen uptake, resulting in a 240% increase in total adenylate pool, a 60% increase in energy charge, and a 730% increase in nitrogenase activity. Isolated vesicle clusters contained about 320 nmol cytochromes•g protein−1, with an average molar distribution of 17% cytochrome a-a3, 39% b, 22% c, and 21% o. No cytochrome P 450 was observed in vesicle clusters. The presence of cytochromes a-a3 and o may be a mechanism of oxygen tolerance whereby the nitrogenase in Frankia spp. can operate in an environment without the protection of leghaemoglobin.

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