Nitrous oxide release from arable soil: importance of perennial forage crops

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-A. Kaiser ◽  
K. Kohrs ◽  
M. Kücke ◽  
E. Schnug ◽  
J. C. Munch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Release

Nitrous oxide release from arable soil: Importance of N-fertilization, crops and temporal variation

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1553-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.-A. Kaiser ◽  
K. Kohrs ◽  
M. Kücke ◽  
E. Schnug ◽  
O. Heinemeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Release

scholarly journals Environmental controls of greenhouse gas release in a restoring peat bog in NW Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Glatzel ◽  
I. Forbrich ◽  
C. Krüger ◽  
S. Lemke ◽  
G. Gerold
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Gas Release ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Nw Germany ◽  
Surface Peat ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Release

Abstract. In Central Europe, most bogs have a history of drainage and many of them are currently being restored. Success of restoration as well as greenhouse gas exchange of these bogs is influenced by environmental stress factors as drought and atmospheric nitrogen deposition. We determined the methane and nitrous oxide exchange of sites in the strongly decomposed center and less decomposed edge of the Pietzmoor bog in NW Germany in 2004. Also, we examined the methane and nitrous oxide exchange of mesocosms from the center and edge before, during, and following a drainage experiment as well as carbon dioxide release from disturbed unfertilized and nitrogen fertilized surface peat. In the field, methane fluxes ranged from 0 to 3.8 mg m−2 h−1 and were highest from hollows. Field nitrous oxide fluxes ranged from 0 to 574 μg m−2 h−1 and were elevated at the edge. A large Eriophorum vaginatum tussock showed decreasing nitrous oxide release as the season progressed. Drainage of mesocosms decreased methane release to 0, even during rewetting. There was a tendency for a decrease of nitrous oxide release during drainage and for an increase in nitrous oxide release during rewetting. Nitrogen fertilization did not increase decomposition of surface peat. Our examinations suggest a competition between vascular vegetation and denitrifiers for excess nitrogen. We also provide evidence that the von Post humification index can be used to explain greenhouse gas release from bogs, if the role of vascular vegetation is also considered. An assessment of the greenhouse gas release from nitrogen saturated restoring bogs needs to take into account elevated release from fresh Sphagnum peat as well as from sedges growing on decomposed peat. Given the high atmospheric nitrogen deposition, restoration will not be able to achieve an oligotrophic ecosystem in the short term.

The effectiveness of dicyandiamide in reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop in Southland, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Smith ◽  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
W. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing

A study was conducted in Southland, New Zealand to: (i) measure nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3–-N) leaching losses from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop; and (ii) quantify the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing these losses. Drainage losses were measured for 12 months (December 2005–November 2006) from a December-sown kale crop using 12 hydrologically isolated drainage plots at the Woodlands Research Station. N2O emissions were measured for 6 months (June–November) following simulated grazing of the crop in mid-June. N2O emissions from the bare ground following grazing of the crop amounted to 3.6 kg nitrogen (N)/ha for the winter–spring period. This figure is higher than that measured for pasture on the same soil type over a similar period. DCD application significantly reduced N2O emissions for the whole crop area by 25% over this period and reduced the N2O emission factor for urine by 54%. DCD application increased the length of time mineral N (0–10 cm soil depth) was maintained in the ammonium form and significantly reduced soil NO3–-N levels for 6 weeks following the simulated grazing. Annual NO3–-N losses in drainage under this winter forage crop were relatively high at 79 kg N/ha.year, with the majority of this (67%) being lost over the wet summer months (December–January rainfall 434 mm or 200% of normal) during crop growth. The application of DCD following the grazing resulted in a 47% decrease in NO3–-N leached over the winter–spring period (26 kg N/ha v. 14 kg N/ha) with this equating to a 29% decrease over the full 12-month measurement period. This study suggested that winter forage crops are major contributors to N losses from livestock farming systems in Southland and that DCD application following the grazing of such crops by cattle can significantly reduce N2O emissions and leaching N losses.

Reductive nitrosylation of nickel(ii) complex by nitric oxide followed by nitrous oxide release

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (25) ◽  
pp. 10200-10208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Ghosh ◽  
Hemanta Deka ◽  
Yuvraj B. Dangat ◽  
Soumen Saha ◽  
Kuldeep Gogoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Subsequent Reaction ◽  
Reductive Nitrosylation ◽  
No Releases ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Release

Ni(ii) complex of bis-(2-ethyl-4-methylimidazol-5-yl)methane in methanol undergoes reductive nitrosylation in presence of NO to afford the corresponding Ni(i)-nitrosyl intermediate. Subsequent reaction with additional NO releases N2O with Ni(ii)-nitrito complex formation.

Microbial induced nitrous oxide emissions from an arable soil during winter

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 1859-1865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Röver ◽  
Otto Heinemeyer ◽  
Ernst-August Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions
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