Does leaf litter quality influence population parameters of the common woodlouse, Porcellio scaber (Crustacea: Isopoda)?

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zimmer ◽  
W. Topp
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
The Common

Increased atmospheric CO2 and litter quality

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Francesca Cotrufo ◽  
Björn Berg ◽  
Werner Kratz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Substrate Quality ◽  
N Concentration

There is evidence that N concentration in hardwood leaf litter is reduced when plants are raised in an elevated CO2 atmosphere. Reductions in the N concentration of leaf litter have been found for tree species raised under elevated CO2, with reduction in N concentration ranging from ca. 50% for sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) to 19% for sycamore (Acer platanoides). However, the effects of elevated CO2 on the chemical composition of litter has been investigated only for a limited number of species. There is also little information on the effects of increased CO2 on the quality of root tissues. If we consider, for example, two important European forest ecosystem types, the dominant species investigated for chemical changes are just a few. Thus, there are whole terrestrial ecosystems in which not a single species has been investigated, meaning that the observed effects of a raised CO2 level on plant litter actually has a large error source. Few reports present data on the effects of elevated CO2 on litter nutrients other than N, which limits our ability to predict the effects of elevated CO2 on litter quality and thus on its decomposability. In litter decomposition three separate steps are seen: (i) the initial stages, (ii) the later stages, and (iii) the final stages. The concept of "substrate quality," translated into chemical composition, will thus change between early stages of decomposition and later ones, with a balanced proportion of nutrients (e.g., N, P, S) being required in the early decomposition phase. In the later stages decomposition rates are ruled by lignin degradation and that process is regulated by the availability of certain nutrients (e.g., N, Mn), which act as signals to the lignin-degrading soil microflora. In the final stages the decomposition comes to a stop or may reach an extremely low decomposition rate, so low that asymptotic decomposition values may be estimated and negatively related to N concentrations. Studies on the effects of changes in chemical composition on the decomposability of litter have mainly been made during the early decomposition stages and they generally report decreased litter quality (e.g., increased C/N ratio), resulting in lower decomposition rates for litter raised under elevated CO2 as compared with control litter. No reports are found relating chemical changes induced by elevated CO2 to litter mass-loss rates in late stages. By most definitions, at these stages litter has turned into humus, and many studies demonstrated that a raising of the N level may suppress humus decomposition rate. It is thus reasonable to speculate that a decrease in N levels in humus would accelerate decomposition and allow it to proceed further. There are no experimental data on the long-term effect of elevated CO2 levels, and a decrease in the storage of humus and nutrients could be predicted, at least in temperate and boreal forest systems. Future works on the effects of elevated CO2 on litter quality need to include studies of a larger number of nutrients and chemical components, and to cover different stages of decomposition. Additionally, the response of plant litter quality to elevated CO2 needs to be investigated under field conditions and at the community level, where possible shifts in community composition (i.e., C3 versus C4 ; N2 fixers versus nonfixers) predicted under elevated CO2 are taken into account.Key words: climate change, substrate quality, carbon dioxide, plant litter, chemical composition, decomposition.

Some volatile constituents of terrestrial slaters

1966 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
GWK Cavill ◽  
DV Clark ◽  
H Hinterberger
Keyword(s):  
Porcellio Scaber ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Unsaturated Component

The common terrestrial dater, Porcellio scaber, yields a volatile extractive, slaterol, which comprises cis- and trans-dec-3-en-1-ol (80%), together with cis- and trans-non-3-en-1-ol and nonan-1-ol (5%). The remaining and unsaturated component of slaterol (A, 15%), which gives decan-1-ol on reduction, has yet to be characterized. An undescribed Armadillidium sp. yields a single constituent, octan-1-ol.

scholarly journals Influence of saprophages (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
A. P. Pokhylenko ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
Y. L. Kulbachko ◽  
L. P. Bandura ◽  
S. A. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Chemical Stress ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Different Levels

The paper presents a study about the influence of two saprophage groups (Isopoda, Diplopoda) on leaf litter decomposition under different levels of humidification and chemical stress. Because of their worldwide distribution, we focused on the common pillbug Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille, 1804) (Isopoda, Armadillidiidae), and the common millipede species Rossiulus kessleri (Lohmander, 1927) (Julida, Julidae). The function of environment creation by the given saprophages, as destructors of dead plant matter, supporting such ecosystem services as soil fertility improvement and nutrients’ turnover, is highlighted. To conduct the experiment, the animals were collected manually and using pitfall trapping. In order to bring the experimental conditions closer to the natural, the individuals were not sexed. The maximum consumption of leaf litter by woodlice was recorded in the conditions with adequate moisture (0.5 mL of distilled water per box) and amounted to 2.52 mg/10 individuals per day, which exceeds its consumption with low and increased moisture, respectively, by 1.82 and 1.24 times. As for the effect of interaction, the consumption of maple litter with optimal moisture (4.77 mg/10 individuals per day) was the greatest. The largest absolute difference between broad-leaved tree species in the average weight of leaf litter consumed by woodlice was between maple leaf litter and oak leaf litter, the minimum – between robinia leaf litter and oak leaf litter. According to the results of the obtained data (Diplopoda), it can be stated that there is a statistically significant effect of chemical stress and discrepancy of the average zinc content in the object of study (in Diplopoda and their faecal pellets). We found that the diet provided did not affect the distribution of zinc in Diplopoda under conditions of chemical stress. According to the results of pairwise comparisons, we determined that the zinc content in the Diplopoda clearly differs for control and almost every concentration of zinc sulfate solution – 0.03 and 0.15 g/L, the samples of which do not form a homogeneous group. The species composition, abundance and distribution in space of soil invertebrates are informative indicators which reflect the ecological state of soils, intensity in development of soil horizons as well as intensity of processes occurring in them.

scholarly journals AMSM- Sampling Distribution- Chapter Three

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed R. Dahman
Keyword(s):  
Limit Theorem ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Distribution ◽  
Sampling Strategies ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Central Limit Theorem ◽  
F Distribution ◽  
The Common ◽  
T Distribution

Introduction of differences between population parameters and sample statistics are discussed. Followed with a comprehensive analysis of sampling distribution (i.e. definition, and properties). Then, we have discussed essential examiners (i.e. distribution): Z distribution, Chi square distribution, t distribution and F distribution. At the end, we have introduced the central limit theorem and the common sampling strategies.

Long-term responses of leaf litter decomposition to temperature, litter quality and litter mixing in plateau wetlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Jinfang Sun ◽  
Kun Tian ◽  
Derong Xiao ◽  
Xingzhong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Litter Mixing ◽  
Plateau Wetlands

scholarly journals Influence of leaf litter quality on N mineralization in soils of subtropical humid forest regrowths

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Maithani ◽  
A. Arunachalam ◽  
R. S. Tripathi ◽  
H. N. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Subtropical Humid Forest

Population Parameters for the Common Guillemot Uria aalge

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Birkhead ◽  
P. J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Uria Aalge ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Common Guillemot ◽  
The Common

Effects of soil and leaf litter quality on the biomass of two endogeic earthworm species

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Cesarz ◽  
Dylan Craven ◽  
Christoph Dietrich ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Earthworm Species
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