scholarly journals GABAergic disinhibition changes the recovery cycle of bat inferior collicular neurons

1997 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lu ◽  
P. H.-S. Jen ◽  
Q.-Y. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Inferior Collicular

Recovery Cycle of Inferior Collicular Neurons Determine Pulse Following Rate in CF-FM Bat*

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 801-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia TANG ◽  
Zi-Ying FU ◽  
PHILIP H.-S. JEN ◽  
Qi-Cai CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Fm Bat ◽  
Inferior Collicular

Recovery cycle of inferior collicular neurons in Hipposideros pratti under behavior-related sound stimulus and the best Doppler-shift compensation conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
Jia Tang ◽  
Chen-Xue Wei ◽  
Meng-Xia Chen ◽  
Qiao-Chao Wang ◽  
Hui-Fang Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Shift ◽  
Sound Stimulus ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Inferior Collicular

There Reduction of alkali loss in an ash leaching system

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
CARLA CÉLIA ROSA MEDEIROS ◽  
FLÁVIA AZEVEDO SILVA ◽  
SAULO GODOY PIGNATON ◽  
ESTANISLAU VICTOR ZUTAUTAS ◽  
KLEVERSON FIGUEIREDO
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Air Emissions ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Chloride Level ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Recovery Boiler ◽  
Ash Leaching

There are many points in a kraft mill where the alkaline compounds are purged from the process. Several effluents, solid waste, and air emissions contain alkali, which leads to the necessity of chemical makeups to maintain the liquor balance. The main loss of alkali at the Veracel mill is present in the wastewater from the recovery boiler; more precisely, it is from the ash leaching system, which represents 80% of the total losses. To minimize the alkaline losses while keeping the chloride level in the recovery cycle under control, a project was developed at Veracel. Key actions were taken by adjusting the control loops of the ash leaching system, mainly on the slurry density and purge control. These adjustments led to a decrease in alkali losses and to an increase of treated ash, and kept the chloride level of the recovery boiler dust at 2.6%.

scholarly journals Effects of Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation on Trigeminal Blink Reflex Excitability

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 645
Author(s):  
Andrea Guerra ◽  
Edoardo Vicenzini ◽  
Ettore Cioffi ◽  
Donato Colella ◽  
Antonio Cannavacciuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Transcranial Ultrasound ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Nucleus Raphe Magnus ◽  
Ultrasound Stimulation ◽  
Raphe Magnus ◽  
Interstimulus Intervals

Recent evidence indicates that transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) modulates sensorimotor cortex excitability. However, no study has assessed possible TUS effects on the excitability of deeper brain areas, such as the brainstem. In this study, we investigated whether TUS delivered on the substantia nigra, superior colliculus, and nucleus raphe magnus modulates the excitability of trigeminal blink reflex, a reliable neurophysiological technique to assess brainstem functions in humans. The recovery cycle of the trigeminal blink reflex (interstimulus intervals of 250 and 500 ms) was tested before (T0), and 3 (T1) and 30 min (T2) after TUS. The effects of substantia nigra-TUS, superior colliculus-TUS, nucleus raphe magnus-TUS and sham-TUS were assessed in separate and randomized sessions. In the superior colliculus-TUS session, the conditioned R2 area increased at T1 compared with T0, while T2 and T0 values did not differ. Results were independent of the interstimulus intervals tested and were not related to trigeminal blink reflex baseline (T0) excitability. Conversely, the conditioned R2 area was comparable at T0, T1, and T2 in the nucleus raphe magnus-TUS and substantia nigra-TUS sessions. Our findings demonstrate that the excitability of brainstem circuits, as evaluated by testing the recovery cycle of the trigeminal blink reflex, can be increased by TUS. This result may reflect the modulation of inhibitory interneurons within the superior colliculus.

P23-11 The clinical utility of the blink reflex recovery cycle to distinguish between blepharospasm and atypical (presumed psychogenic) blepharospasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. S241
Author(s):  
J.T.H. Teo ◽  
P. Schwingenschuh ◽  
P. Katschnig ◽  
M. Edwards ◽  
K. Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Blink Reflex ◽  
Recovery Cycle
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