Feature-detecting auditory neurons in the brain of a sound-producing fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 180 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
The Brain

The Auditory Brainstem Implant

2019 ◽  
pp. 758-770
Author(s):  
Robert V. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Auditory Information ◽  
Speech Understanding ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Auditory Brainstem Implant ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Implanted Device

The auditory brainstem implant (ABI) is a surgically implanted device to electrically stimulate auditory neurons in the cochlear nucleus complex of the brainstem in humans to restore hearing sensations. The ABI is similar in function to a cochlear implant, but overall outcomes are poorer. However, recent applications of the ABI to new patient populations and improvements in surgical technique have led to significant improvements in outcomes. While the ABI provides hearing benefits to patients, the outcomes challenge our understanding of how the brain processes neural patterns of auditory information. The neural pattern of activation produced by an ABI is highly unnatural, yet some patients achieve high levels of speech understanding. Based on a meta-analysis of ABI surgeries and outcomes, a theory is proposed of a specialized sub-system of the cochlear nucleus that is critical for speech understanding.

scholarly journals Fast photoswitchable molecular prosthetics control neuronal activity in the cochlea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Garrido-Charles ◽  
Antoine Tarquin Huet ◽  
Carlo Matera ◽  
Anupriya Thirumalai ◽  
Amadeu Llebaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Light Pulses ◽  
Fast Spiking ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Artificial control of neuronal activity enables studies of neural circuits and restoration of neural function. Direct, rapid, and sustained photocontrol of intact neurons could overcome shortcomings of established electrical stimulation such as poor selectivity. We have developed fast photoswitchable ligands of glutamate receptors to establish such control in the auditory system. The new photoswitchable ligands produced photocurrents in untransfected neurons upon covalently tethering to endogenous glutamate receptors and activating them reversibly with visible light pulses of few milliseconds. As a proof of concept of these molecular prostheses, we apply them to the ultrafast synapses of auditory neurons of the cochlea that encode sound and provide auditory input to the brain. This drug-based method affords kilohertz rate stimulation of auditory neurons of adult gerbils without genetic manipulation that would be required for their optogenetic control. The new photoswitchable ligands are also broadly applicable to spatiotemporally control fast spiking interneurons in the brain.

Multielectrode recordings from auditory neurons in the brain of a small grasshopper

2015 ◽  
Vol 256 ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mit Balvantray Bhavsar ◽  
Ralf Heinrich ◽  
Andreas Stumpner
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Multielectrode Recordings ◽  
The Brain

Efferent Innervation to the Cochlea

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-94
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Elgoyhen ◽  
Carolina Wedemeyer ◽  
Mariano N. Di Guilmi
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Medial Geniculate Body ◽  
Superior Olivary Complex ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Olivocochlear System ◽  
System P ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Central Auditory Neurons ◽  
The Brain

The auditory system consists of ascending and descending neuronal pathways. The best studied is the ascending pathway, whereby sounds that are transduced in the cochlea into electrical signals are sent to the brain via the auditory nerve. Before reaching the auditory cortex, auditory ascending information has several central relays: the cochlear nucleus and superior olivary complex in the brainstem, the lateral lemniscal nuclei and inferior colliculus in the midbrain, and the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. The function(s) of the descending corticofugal pathway is less well understood. It plays important roles in shaping or even creating the response properties of central auditory neurons and in the plasticity of the auditory system, such as reorganizing cochleotopic and computational maps. Corticofugal projections are present at different relays of the auditory system. This review focuses on the physiology and plasticity of the medial efferent olivocochlear system.

scholarly journals Surface electrodes record and label brain neurons in insects

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 2884-2889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Kostarakos ◽  
Berthold Hedwig
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Extracellular Recording ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Brain Surface ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Cricket Brain ◽  
The Brain

We used suction electrodes to reliably record the activity of identified ascending auditory interneurons from the anterior surface of the brain in crickets. Electrodes were gently attached to the sheath covering the projection area of the ascending interneurons and the ringlike auditory neuropil in the protocerebrum. The specificity and selectivity of the recordings were determined by the precise electrode location, which could easily be changed without causing damage to the tissue. Different nonauditory fibers were recorded at other spots of the brain surface; stable recordings lasted for several hours. The same electrodes were used to deliver fluorescent tracers into the nervous system by means of electrophoresis. This allowed us to retrograde label the recorded auditory neurons and to reveal their cell body and dendritic structure in the first thoracic ganglion. By adjusting the amount of dye injected, we specifically stained the ringlike auditory neuropil in the brain, demonstrating the clusters of cell bodies contributing to it. Our data provide a proof that surface electrodes are a versatile tool to analyze neural processing in small brains of invertebrates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that surface suction electrodes can be used to monitor the activity of auditory neurons in the cricket brain. They also allow delivering electrophoretically a fluorescent tracer to label the structure of the recorded neurons and the local neuropil to which the electrode was attached. This new extracellular recording and labeling technique is a versatile and useful method to explore neural processing in invertebrate sensory and motor systems.

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