The goal of this work was to address the technological problems associated with waveguide preparation by thermal- and electric-field–assisted K+–Na+ ion exchange in two types of soda-lime glass: common FTD and special pure GIL49. The number of modes, depth, profile, and the change in refractive index were measured for waveguides prepared at temperatures between 250 and 410 °C and electric-field values between 0 and 50 V/mm. Although the influence of some admixture content inside the glass was relatively high, all of these parameters were controlled accurately and repeatedly by the electric field.
Silver nanoclusters were prepared in a soda-lime glass matrix through the ion-exchange method followed by thermal annealing. The work provides an insight into the nano-clustering and plasmonic effects of the nanoparticles.
MgO thin film was deposited on soda lime glass substrate by sol-gel process. MgO thin film with the (200) preferred orientation were prepared by heat-treated at 300~500°C for 10 min. The crystallization, microstructure and electrical properties with various parameters of MgO thin films were investigated. Consequently, it was shows that the (200) preferred orientation of MgO thin film could be obtained as the heating temperature was increased. At heating temperature of 500°C, MgO thin film was composed of columnar crystals with a size of 120 nm. The dielectric constant of the (200) preferred orientation of MgO thin film at 1 kHz without the electric field was 7.2, with a dissipation factor of 4%. When the electric field was increased, the dielectric constant approaches to 7.9 with the dissipation factor of 2.1%. The refractive index of MgO thin film depended on the film thickness. The refractive index of 250 nm thickness was 1.70.
AbstractEr3+/Pr3+ co-doped soda-lime glass thin films have been fabricated using RF magnetron sputtering method and their structural and optical properties have been studied. Deposition rate, crystallinity, and composition of glass thin films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron probe micro area analysis. Refractive index, birefringence and binding characteristics have been investigated using a prism coupler and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Er3+/Pr3+ co-doped soda lime glass thin films were prepared by changing substrate temperature (room temp.∼550 ), RF power (90W∼150W), and Ar/O2 gas flow ratio at processing pressure of 4mTorr. Glass thin films could be obtained at the optimized processing condition at 350, RF power (130W), and gas flow (Ar:O2=40:0) with maximum deposition rate of 1.6νm/h. Refractive index increased from 1.5614 to 1.5838 and birefringence increased from 0.000154 to 0.000552 as the content of Pr3+ increased. Binding energy of Pr3d increased as the content of Pr3+ increased.
The nonlinear optical properties of pepper oil are studied by diffraction ring patterns and Z-scan techniques with continuous wave beam from solid state laser at 473 nm wavelength. The nonlinear refractive index of the sample is calculated by both techniques. The sample show high nonlinear refractive index. Based on Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction integral, the far-field intensity distributions of ring patterns have been calculated. It is found that the experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical results. Also the optical limiting property of pepper oil is reported. The results obtained in this study prove that the pepper oil has applications in nonlinear optical devices.
Measurement of the refractive index of electrically poled soda-lime glass layers using leaky modes