Imaging findings of central nervous system neuroepithelial cysts

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 618-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Guermazi ◽  
Y. Miaux ◽  
J. F. Majoulet ◽  
F. Lafitte ◽  
J. Chiras
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cysts

NIMG-07. BEYOND RANDOM AND NUMERIC LESIONS: DIFFERENT IMAGING PATTERNS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM METASTASIS BASED ON PRIMARY TUMOR LOCATION AND MOLECULAR PROFILE

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi128-vi128
Author(s):  
Júlia Magalhães ◽  
Raquel Moreno ◽  
Jorge Takahashi ◽  
Leandro Lucato ◽  
Carlos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Primary Tumor ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Central Nervous System Metastasis ◽  
Cns Metastasis ◽  
Imaging Characteristics

Abstract The purpose of this exhibit is to discuss different imaging patterns of central nervous system (CNS) metastasis based on their primary cancer site and to review the recent literature of the particularities of CNS metastasis distribution in the era of molecular advancement in oncology. Selected cases extracted from our institutions database will be presented. The cases will be didactically organized to illustrate the most common imaging characteristics and distribution of brain metastasis based on their organ of origin, such as lung, breast, renal, skin, testicle and gastrointestinal tract. (SCHROEDER T. et al., J Neurooncol. 2020). We will also discuss the correlation between tumor imaging findings and genetic profile. We intend to review well-known CNS metastasis imaging patterns, as preferential involvement of the posterior fossa and anatomic watershed areas in cases of lung cancer (TAKANO, K. et al. Neuro-Oncology, 2016) and the rarity of parenchyma metastasis from prostate cancer (HATZOGLOU V. et al, J Neuroimaging. 2014). We will also demonstrate newly described imaging findings in correlation with primary tumors genetic mutations, such as higher incidence of leptomeningeal involvement in triple negative breast cancer and increase in the number of brain lesions in cases of EGFR positive lung cancer. Familiarity with the most prevalent imaging characteristics of central nervous system metastasis helps oncologists and radiologists not to miss out a CNS progression in case of a known tumor, and also helps to direct systemic investigation of a primary tumor when brain metastasis is the initial presentation. The correlation between molecular profile and the most common sites of CNS involvement can help on treatment planning, including brain radiation (Yanagihara TK,et al., Tomography. 2017), and also bring to discussion the mechanisms of tumor dissemination, which can be targets for future treatments.

Unilateral Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Craniofacial Scleroderma: Parry-Romberg Syndrome and En Coup de Sabre

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 753-762
Author(s):  
Ronald R. Seese ◽  
Daniel Glaser ◽  
Andre Furtado ◽  
Kavita Thakkar ◽  
Kathryn S. Torok
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Localized Scleroderma ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parry Romberg Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Associations

Objective: Parry-Romberg syndrome (PRS) and en coup de sabre (ECDS) are subtypes of craniofacial localized scleroderma. Systematic analyses of central nervous system imaging findings and their clinical associations in children are lacking. Here, we aim to characterize neuroimaging findings and associated neurological symptoms in these conditions. Methods: Neuroimaging and neurological symptoms of children evaluated at our institution with a diagnosis of PRS or ECDS were retrospectively reviewed. Laterality, location, stability, and number of lesion(s) were evaluated, as was the presence of susceptibility lesion(s) and contrast enhancement. History of seizures or headaches was noted. Results: From 2003 to 2019, 80 patients with PRS or ECDS were followed at our institution. Neuroimaging was completed in 73 and found to be abnormal in 25. In 12 (48%) of these 25 cases, headaches and/or seizures were present. In the vast majority of these cases (22/25, 88%), lesions were ipsilateral to skin findings. White matter was involved in 19 (76%) patients. MRI abnormalities preceded a rheumatological diagnosis in 7 (28%). Susceptibility lesions were noted in 11 (44%), and 8 (73%) of these patients endorsed a history of headaches. Most lesions were in the supratentorial compartment, did not enhance, and were stable at 1-year follow up imaging. Of those with progression, susceptibility findings were present at baseline. Conclusions: Neuroimaging findings in pediatric PRS and ECDS are often supratentorial, stable, unilateral, and ipsilateral to skin findings, and they can precede cutaneous findings.

scholarly journals Fatal central nervous system co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 and tuberculosis in a healthy child

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishara J. Freij ◽  
Bassam M. Gebara ◽  
Rabail Tariq ◽  
Ay-Ming Wang ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue

Abstract Background Central and peripheral nervous system symptoms and complications are being increasingly recognized among individuals with pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infections, but actual detection of the virus or its RNA in the central nervous system has rarely been sought or demonstrated. Severe or fatal illnesses are attributed to SARS-CoV-2, generally without attempting to evaluate for alternative causes or co-pathogens. Case presentation A five-year-old girl with fever and headache was diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2-associated meningoencephalitis based on the detection of its RNA on a nasopharyngeal swab, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Serial serologic tests for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA showed seroconversion, consistent with an acute infection. Mental status and brain imaging findings gradually worsened despite antiviral therapy and intravenous dexamethasone. Decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for brain herniation with cerebellar biopsy on day 30 of illness, shortly before death, revealed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cerebellar tissue using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019-nCoV Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Diagnostic Panel. On histopathology, necrotizing granulomas with numerous acid-fast bacilli were visualized, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA was detected by PCR. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid that day was negative for mycobacterial DNA. Tracheal aspirate samples for mycobacterial DNA and culture from days 22 and 27 of illness were negative by PCR but grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis after 8 weeks, long after the child’s passing. She had no known exposures to tuberculosis and no chest radiographic findings to suggest it. All 6 family members had normal chest radiographs and negative interferon-γ release assay results. The source of her tuberculous infection was not identified, and further investigations by the local health department were not possible because of the State of Michigan-mandated lockdown for control of SARS-CoV-2 spread. Conclusion The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cerebellar tissue and the demonstration of seroconversion in IgG and IgA assays was consistent with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous infection. However, the cause of death was brain herniation from her rapidly progressive central nervous system tuberculosis. SARS-CoV-2 may mask or worsen occult tuberculous infection with severe or fatal consequences.

Stable Neurocutaneous Melanosis in a Ten-Year-Old Boy with Controlled Partial-Complex Seizures

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
A.H. El Beltagi ◽  
H. Fahmy ◽  
N. Nasef ◽  
A. Norbash ◽  
D. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Neurocutaneous Melanosis ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
Trunk Region

Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM) is a rare neuroectodermal dysplasia that includes both central nervous system (CNS) and integumentary melanocytic abnormalities. NCM can present with varied clinical and imaging findings, classically presenting with large melanocytic nevi involving the posterior axial trunk region. We describe a case with predominant small non-scalp and non posterior axial-trunk nevi, which nevertheless demonstrated typical CNS imaging findings. Our case clinically presented with epilepsy that was controlled by medical treatment. The patient also demonstrated motor developmental delay, and an otherwise stable course.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blastomycosis: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation of Solitary CNS Blastomycosis Mass-Like Infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costas Stavrakis ◽  
Ananth Narayan ◽  
Olga Voronel
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Blastomyces Dermatitidis ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Cns Involvement ◽  
Diffusion Restriction ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Blastomycosis is a fungal infection rarely seen in clinical practice. Endemic to the Midwestern United States as well as the Canadian provinces of Manitoba and Ontario, Blastomyces dermatitidis characteristically involves the skin and lungs. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement, although a rare complication of this disease, can be fatal. The current literature on CNS blastomycosis primarily centers on the spectrum of traditional imaging features of T1- and T2-weighted imaging with which this entity can present. However, here we present the direct histopathologic correlation of the imaging findings of solitary mass like CNS blastomycosis, with an emphasis on the association of diffusion restriction within the lesion with a granulomatous immune response.

scholarly journals Fatal Central Nervous System Co-Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and Tuberculosis in a Healthy Child

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishara J. Freij ◽  
Bassam M. Gebara ◽  
Rabail Tariq ◽  
Ay-Ming Wang ◽  
John Gibson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Tuberculous Infection ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Brain Herniation ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Cerebellar Tissue

Abstract Background. Central and peripheral nervous system symptoms and complications are being increasingly recognized among individuals with pandemic SARS-CoV-2 infections, but actual detection of the virus or its RNA in the central nervous system has rarely been sought or demonstrated. Severe or fatal illnesses are attributed to SARS-CoV-2, generally without attempting to evaluate for alternative causes or co-pathogens.Case presentation. A five-year-old girl with fever and headache was diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2-associated meningoencephalitis based on the detection of its RNA on a nasopharyngeal swab, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Serial serologic tests for SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA showed seroconversion, consistent with an acute infection. Mental status and brain imaging findings gradually worsened despite antiviral therapy and intravenous dexamethasone. Decompressive suboccipital craniectomy for brain herniation with cerebellar biopsy on day 30 of illness, shortly before death, revealed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cerebellar tissue using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019-nCoV Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase-PCR Diagnostic Panel. On histopathology, necrotizing granulomas with numerous acid-fast bacilli were visualized, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex DNA was detected by PCR. Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid that day was negative for mycobacterial DNA. She had no known exposures to tuberculosis and no chest radiographic findings to suggest it. All 6 family members had normal chest radiographs and negative interferon-γ release assay results. The source of her tuberculous infection was not identified, and further investigations by the local health department were not possible because of the State of Michigan-mandated lockdown for control of SARS-CoV-2 spread.Conclusion. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cerebellar tissue and the demonstration of seroconversion in IgG and IgA assays was consistent with acute SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous infection. However, the cause of death was brain herniation from her rapidly progressive central nervous system tuberculosis. SARS-CoV-2 may mask or worsen occult tuberculous infection with severe or fatal consequences.

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