MRI of normal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and reconstructed ACL: comparison of when the knee is extended with when the knee is flexed

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 1020-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nakanishi ◽  
S. Horibe ◽  
Y. Shiozaki ◽  
T. Ishida ◽  
Y. Narumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

scholarly journals Sonography of the Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Preliminary Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Tsen Chen ◽  
Chueh-Hung Wu ◽  
Chih-Wei Yu ◽  
Jyh-Horng Wang ◽  
Ting-Fang Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Oblique axial MR imaging of the normal anterior cruciate ligament bundles

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1587-1594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Wing Hung Ng ◽  
James F. Griffith ◽  
Kan Yip Law ◽  
James W. M. Ting ◽  
George L. Tipoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Mr Imaging ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Arthroscopic strain gauge measurement of the normal anterior cruciate ligament

1990 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. Howe ◽  
Clay Wertheimer ◽  
Robert J. Johnson ◽  
Claude E. Nichols ◽  
Malcolm H. Pope ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Gauge Measurement ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

The Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament as a Model for Tensioning Strategies in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Grafts

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus P. Arnold ◽  
Nico Verdonschot ◽  
Albert van Kampen
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Important Interaction ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Low Tension ◽  
Bone Plug ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Background There is some confusion about the relationship between the tension placed on the graft and the joint position used in the fixation of anterior cruciate ligament grafts. This is because of deficiency in accurate basic science about this important interaction in the normal and reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament. Hypothesis If the normal femoral attachment of the anterior cruciate ligament can be preserved and the tibial insertion isolated and tested, an accurate force-flexion curve of the human anterior cruciate ligament can be mapped out and used as a standard for proper graft tensioning protocols in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods In 10 fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees, an isolated bone plug containing the tibial anterior cruciate ligament insertion was connected with a custom-made tensiometer. The knees were moved through the whole range of motion; the starting point chosen was an anterior cruciate ligament tension of 10 N, which was applied at 10 ° of knee flexion and resulted in a baseline curve. This curve was compared with the results recorded when the starting point was below the baseline curve, similar to, or above it. Results The anterior cruciate ligament showed low tension close to slackness in midflexion after starting with 10 N at 10 ° of flexion. Starting points below the baseline curve shifted the whole curve downward; those above the baseline curve increased the force in the anterior cruciate ligament, resulting in a tight anterior cruciate ligament in midflexion. Clinical Relevance The normal anterior cruciate ligament shows a physiological laxity in midflexion. This study gives guidelines for tensioning protocols in anterior cruciate ligament grafts to replicate the force-flexion curve characteristics of the normal anterior cruciate ligament.

MRI Measurement of the 2 Bundles of the Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament

Orthopedics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Cohen ◽  
Corinne VanBeek ◽  
James S. Starman ◽  
Derek Armfield ◽  
James J. Irrgang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Normal Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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