scholarly journals The role of iceberg scours in niche separation within the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus

Polar Biology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 502-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenner M. ◽  
Buck B. ◽  
Cordes S. ◽  
Dietrich L. ◽  
Jacob U. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
The Antarctic

The role of icebeg scours in niche separation within the Antarctic fish genus Trematomus

2002 ◽  
pp. 215-220
Author(s):  
M. Brenner ◽  
B. H. Buck ◽  
S. Cordes ◽  
L. Dietrich ◽  
U. Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Niche Separation ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Evolution in the cold

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Evolutionary Studies ◽  
Adaptive Radiations ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Theodosius Dobzhansky once remarked that nothing in biology makes sense other than in the light of evolution, thereby emphasising the central role of evolutionary studies in providing the theoretical context for all of biology. It is perhaps surprising then that evolutionary biology has played such a small role to date in Antarctic science. This is particularly so when it is recognised that the polar regions provide us with an unrivalled laboratory within which to undertake evolutionary studies. The Antarctic exhibits one of the classic examples of a resistance adaptation (antifreeze peptides and glycopeptides, first described from Antarctic fish), and provides textbook examples of adaptive radiations (for example amphipod crustaceans and notothenioid fish). The land is still largely in the grip of major glaciation, and the once rich terrestrial floras and faunas of Cenozoic Gondwana are now highly depauperate and confined to relatively small patches of habitat, often extremely isolated from other such patches. Unlike the Arctic, where organisms are returning to newly deglaciated land from refugia on the continental landmasses to the south, recolonization of Antarctica has had to take place by the dispersal of propagules over vast distances. Antarctica thus offers an insight into the evolutionary responses of terrestrial floras and faunas to extreme climatic change unrivalled in the world. The sea forms a strong contrast to the land in that here the impact of climate appears to have been less severe, at least in as much as few elements of the fauna show convincing signs of having been completely eradicated.

scholarly journals Insertion Hot Spots of DIRS1 Retrotransposon and Chromosomal Diversifications among the Antarctic Teleosts Nototheniidae

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Auvinet ◽  
Paula Graça ◽  
Laura Ghigliotti ◽  
Eva Pisano ◽  
Agnès Dettaï ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spots ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Teleosts

By their faculty to transpose, transposable elements are known to play a key role in eukaryote genomes, impacting both their structuration and remodeling. Their integration in targeted sites may lead to recombination mechanisms involved in chromosomal rearrangements. The Antarctic fish family Nototheniidae went through several waves of species radiations. It is a suitable model to study transposable element (TE)-mediated mechanisms associated to genome and chromosomal diversifications. After the characterization of Gypsy (GyNoto), Copia (CoNoto), and DIRS1 (YNoto) retrotransposons in the genomes of Nototheniidae (diversity, distribution, conservation), we focused on their chromosome location with an emphasis on the three identified nototheniid radiations (the Trematomus, the plunderfishes, and the icefishes). The strong intrafamily TE conservation and wide distribution across species of the whole family suggest an ancestral acquisition with potential secondary losses in some lineages. GyNoto and CoNoto (including Hydra and GalEa clades) mostly produced interspersed signals along chromosomal arms. On the contrary, insertion hot spots accumulating in localized regions (mainly next to centromeric and pericentromeric regions) highlighted the potential role of YNoto in chromosomal diversifications as facilitator of the fusions which occurred in many nototheniid lineages, but not of the fissions.

Hematological Characteristics of the Antarctic Fish

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Voytsits'kyi ◽  
N. K. Rodionova ◽  
S. V. Khyzhniak ◽  
L. G. Manylo
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Not Frozen in the Ice: large and Dynamic Rearrangements in the Mitochondrial Genomes of the Antarctic Fish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Papetti ◽  
Massimiliano Babbucci ◽  
Agnes Dettai ◽  
Andrea Basso ◽  
Magnus Lucassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Order ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Compositional Bias ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Notothenioid Fish ◽  
Antarctic Notothenioids ◽  
The Antarctic

Abstract The vertebrate mitochondrial genomes generally present a typical gene order. Exceptions are uncommon and important to study the genetic mechanisms of gene order rearrangements and their consequences on phylogenetic output and mitochondrial function. Antarctic notothenioid fish carry some peculiar rearrangements of the mitochondrial gene order. In this first systematic study of 28 species, we analysed known and undescribed mitochondrial genome rearrangements for a total of eight different gene orders within the notothenioid fish. Our reconstructions suggest that transpositions, duplications and inversion of multiple genes are the most likely mechanisms of rearrangement in notothenioid mitochondrial genomes. In Trematominae, we documented an extremely rare inversion of a large genomic segment of 5300 bp that partially affected the gene compositional bias but not the phylogenetic output. The genomic region delimited by nad5 and trnF, close to the area of the Control Region, was identified as the hot spot of variation in Antarctic fish mitochondrial genomes. Analysing the sequence of several intergenic spacers and mapping the arrangements on a newly generated phylogeny showed that the entire history of the Antarctic notothenioids is characterized by multiple, relatively rapid, events of disruption of the gene order. We hypothesised that a pre-existing genomic flexibility of the ancestor of the Antarctic notothenioids may have generated a precondition for gene order rearrangement, and the pressure of purifying selection could have worked for a rapid restoration of the mitochondrial functionality and compactness after each event of rearrangement.

An international hierarchy of science: conquest, cooperation, and the 1959 Antarctic Treaty System

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110338
Author(s):  
Joanne Yao
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Antarctic Treaty ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
International Status ◽  
Antarctic Treaty System

The Antarctic Treaty System (ATS), created in 1959 to govern the southern continent, is often lauded as an illustration of science’s potential to inspire peaceful and rational International Relations. This article critically examines this optimistic view of science’s role in international politics by focusing on how science as a global hierarchical structure operated as a gatekeeper to an exclusive Antarctic club. I argue that in the early 20th century, the conduct of science in Antarctica was entwined with global and imperial hierarchies. As what Mattern and Zarakol call a broad hierarchy, science worked both as a civilized marker of international status as well as a social performance that legitimated actors’ imperial interests in Antarctica. The 1959 ATS relied on science as an existing broad hierarchy to enable competing states to achieve a functional bargain and ‘freeze’ sovereignty claims, whilst at the same time institutionalizing and reinforcing the legitimacy of science in maintaining international inequalities. In making this argument, I stress the role of formal international institutions in bridging our analysis of broad and functional hierarchies while also highlighting the importance of scientific hierarchies in constituting the current international order.

scholarly journals The HSP70 heat shock response in the Antarctic fish Harpagifer antarcticus

Polar Biology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody S. Clark ◽  
Keiron P. P. Fraser ◽  
Gavin Burns ◽  
Lloyd S. Peck
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Response ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
The Antarctic
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