Enhancement of embryogenic culture initiation from tissues of mature sweetgum trees

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Merkle ◽  
P. J. Battle
Keyword(s):  
Embryogenic Culture ◽  
Culture Initiation

scholarly journals In vitro bulblet regeneration from immature embryos of endangered and endemic Muscari azureum

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Uranbey
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Immature Embryos ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Font Color

A high frequency of bulblet regeneration was achieved for the endemic and endangered ornamental plant Muscari azureum using immature embryos. Immature embryos of M. azureum were cultured on a callus induction medium consisting of N6 mineral salts and vitamins, 400 gL-1 casein + 40 gL-1 sucrose + 2 mgL-1 L-proline, 2 mgL-1 2,4-D and 2 gL-1 Gelrite. Then the embryogenic callus clusters were transferred to a bulblet induction medium consisting of MS mineral salts and vitamins containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP, KIN, TDZ, Zeatin, IAA, NAA, 30 gL-1 sucrose and 7 gL-1 agar. Prolific bulblet multiplication (over 13 bulblets/embryo) was achieved from immature embryos after 5-6 months of culture initiation. Well-developed bulblets were excised and individually rooted on ? strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 IBA, 0.5 gL-1activated charcoal, 20 gL-1sucrose and 6 gL-1agar and acclimatized. <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS150608072E">10.2298/ABS150608072E</a><u></b></font>

scholarly journals AGL15 Controls the Embryogenic Reprogramming of Somatic Cells in Arabidopsis through the Histone Acetylation-Mediated Repression of the miRNA Biogenesis Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6733
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nowak ◽  
Joanna Morończyk ◽  
Anna Wójcik ◽  
Małgorzata D. Gaj
Keyword(s):  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Culture ◽  
Cell Transcriptome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Embryogenic Transition

The embryogenic transition of somatic cells requires an extensive reprogramming of the cell transcriptome. Relevantly, the extensive modulation of the genes that have a regulatory function, in particular the genes encoding the transcription factors (TFs) and miRNAs, have been indicated as controlling somatic embryogenesis (SE) that is induced in vitro in the somatic cells of plants. Identifying the regulatory relationships between the TFs and miRNAs during SE induction is of central importance for understanding the complex regulatory interplay that fine-tunes a cell transcriptome during the embryogenic transition. Hence, here, we analysed the regulatory relationships between AGL15 (AGAMOUS-LIKE 15) TF and miR156 in an embryogenic culture of Arabidopsis. Both AGL15 and miR156 control SE induction and AGL15 has been reported to target the MIR156 genes in planta. The results showed that AGL15 contributes to the regulation of miR156 in an embryogenic culture at two levels that involve the activation of the MIR156 transcription and the containment of the abundance of mature miR156 by repressing the miRNA biogenesis genes DCL1 (DICER-LIKE1), SERRATE and HEN1 (HUA-ENHANCER1). To repress the miRNA biogenesis genes AGL15 seems to co-operate with the TOPLESS co-repressors (TPL and TPR1-4), which are components of the SIN3/HDAC silencing complex. The impact of TSA (trichostatin A), an inhibitor of the HDAC histone deacetylases, on the expression of the miRNA biogenesis genes together with the ChIP results implies that histone deacetylation is involved in the AGL15-mediated repression of miRNA processing. The results indicate that HDAC6 and HDAC19 histone deacetylases might co-operate with AGL15 in silencing the complex that controls the abundance of miR156 during embryogenic induction. This study provides new evidence about the histone acetylation-mediated control of the miRNA pathways during the embryogenic reprogramming of plant somatic cells and the essential role of AGL15 in this regulatory mechanism.

Cytogenetic stability of aneuploid maize tissue cultures

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 374-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Rhodes ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
C. E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Genetic Stocks ◽  
Common Cell

Monosomic maize tissue cultures might be used to select recessive mutations of cellular traits. This strategy would avoid some of the problems encountered with haploid cultures such as lack of vigor, sterility of regenerated plants, and uncontrolled diploidization. Monosomic and other aneuploid plants were selected among progeny of W22 R/r-x1 crossed with genetic stocks containing recessive markers. The r-x1 allele induces aneuploidy at a frequency of about 15%. Immature tassels of selected plants were used to initiate totipotent tissue cultures. Plants were regenerated from the cultures over a period of 3 to 17 months after culture initiation. Meiotic karyotypes of microsporocytes and pollen sterility were analyzed in regenerated plants. At least 40% of the 161 plants regenerated from aneuploid cultures had altered karyotypes. This frequency was not related to culture age. Most alterations involved chromosome breakage rather than changes in chromosome number. Types of alterations included heteromorphic pairs (18.1%), translocations (12.5%), addition (10.6%) or loss (1.4%) of chromosomes, and genomic doubling (2.8%). Four euploid cultures, including one with a translocation, were equally unstable (49% with alterations among 115 plants). Euploid cultures gave rise to plants with translocations (12.3%), heteromorphic pairs (8.8%), and genomic doubling (29.2%), but no single chromosome additions or losses. Plants that shared a common distinctive karyotype, such as a specific translocation, were probably derived from a common cell line. Tassels with sectors of two different karyotypes were frequent in plants regenerated from aneuploid (20%) or euploid (33%) cultures. Coenocytic microsporocytes, which lacked cell walls between nuclei, were found in plants from monosomic-2, deficient-2L, and monosomic-6 cultures. Another aberration (23% of 144 regenerants) was lack of cell wall formation after the first and (or) second meiotic division, which was often followed by nuclear fusion. Karyotypic changes observed in this study rarely involved the monosomic chromosome, which means that monosomic tissue cultures could be used to select recessive mutants. Further tests would be needed to demonstrate that the selected gene resides in the monosomic chromosome.Key words: Zea mays, monosomic, trisomic, chromosome, somaclonal variation, karyotype.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan production in Schisandra chinensis embryogenic culture

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Havel ◽  
Helena Vlašínová ◽  
Irena Bohatcová ◽  
Václav Trojan ◽  
Jiří Slanina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schisandra Chinensis ◽  
Embryogenic Culture

scholarly journals Chloroplast Dedifferentiation in Mechanically Isolated Asparagus Cells during Culture Initiation

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kulaveerasingham Harikrishna ◽  
Robert Darby ◽  
John Draper
Keyword(s):  
Culture Initiation

scholarly journals Problems Encountered during In vitro Culture Establishment in Terminalia arjuna

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Meena Choudhary ◽  
Inder Dev Arya ◽  
Sarita Arya
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Culture Initiation ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Bud Growth

The main aim of present study was to overcome the problems associated with the in vitro culture initiation in Terminalia arjuna. The micropropagation of tree species is not easy as shrubs and herbs. Many problems encountered from explant collection to in vitro culture establishment. The problems that have been occurred during T. arjuna micropropagation were culture contamination, phenolic exudation, bud growth inhibition, shoots yellowing and leaf fall. All these problems have been solved by applying certain treatments prior to explant collection and inoculation. The mother tree was lopped in November months (six months prior to explant collection) to remove any inhibitory substance and release bud growth. Different sterilizing agents were used to minimize the bacterial and fungal contamination. Some modification in culture media (use of different concentration of NH4NO3 and KNO3 salts and adenine sulphate) was done. Surface sterilization of nodal explants collected from lopped branches with 0.1% HgCl2 for 8 min., treatment with chilled antioxidant solution (Ascorbic acid, Citric acid and PVP) and half strength of NH4NO3 and KNO3 salts of MS medium supported 100% bud break response with proliferation of green and healthy in vitro shoots. Removing these hurdles already in the initial stage of micropropagation is very important and maximize mass in vitro propagation of this medicinally important Arjun tree. 

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