Common Multiple dsRNAs Are Present in Populations of the Fungus Discula destructiva Originating from Widely Separated Geographic Locations

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Rong ◽  
Shujing Rao ◽  
Simon W. Scott ◽  
Frank H. Tainter
Author(s):  
Kyle T. Thornham ◽  
R. Jay Stipes ◽  
Randolph L. Grayson

Dogwood anthracnose, caused by Discula destructiva (1), is another new catastrophic tree disease that has ravaged natural populations of the flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) in the Appalachians over the past 15 years, and the epidemic is prognosticated to continue (2). An estimated 9.5 million acres have been affected, primarily in the Appalachian Mountains, from VA southwards, alone, and an estimated 50% of all dogwoods in PA have been killed. Since acid deposition has been linked experimentally with disease induction, and since the disease incidence and severity are more pronounced at higher elevations where lower pH precipitation events occur, we investigated the effect of acidic foliar sprays on moiphologic changes in the foliar cuticle and trichomes (3), the initial sites of infection and foci of Discula sporulation.


Author(s):  
Eneas Aguirre-von-Wobeser ◽  
Alexandro Alonso-Sánchez ◽  
Alfonso Méndez-Bravo ◽  
Luis Alberto Villanueva Espino ◽  
Frédérique Reverchon

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Sanna

AbstractFor every positive integer n and for every $$\alpha \in [0, 1]$$ α ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] , let $${\mathcal {B}}(n, \alpha )$$ B ( n , α ) denote the probabilistic model in which a random set $${\mathcal {A}} \subseteq \{1, \ldots , n\}$$ A ⊆ { 1 , … , n } is constructed by picking independently each element of $$\{1, \ldots , n\}$$ { 1 , … , n } with probability $$\alpha $$ α . Cilleruelo, Rué, Šarka, and Zumalacárregui proved an almost sure asymptotic formula for the logarithm of the least common multiple of the elements of $${\mathcal {A}}$$ A .Let q be an indeterminate and let $$[k]_q := 1 + q + q^2 + \cdots + q^{k-1} \in {\mathbb {Z}}[q]$$ [ k ] q : = 1 + q + q 2 + ⋯ + q k - 1 ∈ Z [ q ] be the q-analog of the positive integer k. We determine the expected value and the variance of $$X := \deg {\text {lcm}}\!\big ([{\mathcal {A}}]_q\big )$$ X : = deg lcm ( [ A ] q ) , where $$[{\mathcal {A}}]_q := \big \{[k]_q : k \in {\mathcal {A}}\big \}$$ [ A ] q : = { [ k ] q : k ∈ A } . Then we prove an almost sure asymptotic formula for X, which is a q-analog of the result of Cilleruelo et al.


2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Sally C. Fryar ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde ◽  
David E. A. Catcheside

AbstractA survey of driftwood and mangrove wood in South Australia revealed a high diversity of marine fungi. Across eight sites there were 43 species of marine fungi, of which 42 are new records for South Australia, 11 new records for Australia and 12 taxa currently of uncertain status likely to be new species. Sites had distinctive species compositions with the largest difference attributable to substrate type (beach driftwood vs. mangrove wood). However, even between mangrove sites, species assemblages were distinctly different with only the more common species occurring at all mangrove sites. More intensive surveys across a broader range of habitats and geographic locations should reveal significantly more species.


Author(s):  
Houda Ilahi ◽  
Jihed Hsouna ◽  
Walid Ellouze ◽  
Takwa Gritli ◽  
Saif-allah Chihaoui ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yahya Almumin ◽  
Mu-Chun Chen ◽  
Víctor Knapp-Pérez ◽  
Saúl Ramos-Sánchez ◽  
Michael Ratz ◽  
...  

Abstract We revisit the flavor symmetries arising from compactifications on tori with magnetic background fluxes. Using Euler’s Theorem, we derive closed form analytic expressions for the Yukawa couplings that are valid for arbitrary flux parameters. We discuss the modular transformations for even and odd units of magnetic flux, M, and show that they give rise to finite metaplectic groups the order of which is determined by the least common multiple of the number of zero-mode flavors involved. Unlike in models in which modular flavor symmetries are postulated, in this approach they derive from an underlying torus. This allows us to retain control over parameters, such as those governing the kinetic terms, that are free in the bottom-up approach, thus leading to an increased predictivity. In addition, the geometric picture allows us to understand the relative suppression of Yukawa couplings from their localization properties in the compact space. We also comment on the role supersymmetry plays in these constructions, and outline a path towards non-supersymmetric models with modular flavor symmetries.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
James Marshall ◽  
Robert Gifford ◽  
Gedare Bloom ◽  
Gabriel Parmer ◽  
Rahul Simha

Increased access to space has led to an increase in the usage of commodity processors in radiation environments. These processors are vulnerable to transient faults such as single event upsets that may cause bit-flips in processor components. Caches in particular are vulnerable due to their relatively large area, yet are often omitted from fault injection testing because many processors do not provide direct access to cache contents and they are often not fully modeled by simulators. The performance benefits of caches make disabling them undesirable, and the presence of error correcting codes is insufficient to correct for increasingly common multiple bit upsets. This work explores building a program’s cache profile by collecting cache usage information at an instruction granularity via commonly available on-chip debugging interfaces. The profile provides a tighter bound than cache utilization for cache vulnerability estimates (50% for several benchmarks). This can be applied to reduce the number of fault injections required to characterize behavior by at least two-thirds for the benchmarks we examine. The profile enables future work in hardware fault injection for caches that avoids the biases of existing techniques.


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