Quantitative relationship between pharmacokinetics of unchanged cisplatin and nephrotoxicity in rats: importance of area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) as the major toxicodynamic determinant in vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Nagai ◽  
H. Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Unchanged Cisplatin

A Comparative Pharmacokinetic Profile of Trahydropalmatine After Oral Administration of its Monomer, Rhizoma Corydalis Alkaloid Extracts and Tong-Bi-Si-Wei-Fang to Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 338-345
Author(s):  
Lijun Ni ◽  
Lu Ding ◽  
Liguo Zhang ◽  
Shaorong Luan
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Panax Notoginseng ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Apparent Volume ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Uralensis ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Property ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time

Background: Tong-Bi-Si-Wei-Fang (TBSWF) is a candidate formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating rheumatoid bone diseases, which is composed of rhizoma corydalis alkaloids, saponins of glycyrrhiza uralensis and panax notoginseng, flavonoids of rhizoma drynariae and glycyrrhiza uralensis. </P><P> Objective: Trahydropalmatine (THP), the main active ingredient of rhizoma corydalis alkaloids, was selected to study in vivo pharmacokinetics and druggability of TBSWF. Methods: The plasma concentration-time (C-T) profiles of THP and the pharmacokinetic property parameters after oral administration of THP monomer, extract of corydalis alkaloids (ECA) and TBSWF to rats, respectively were compared by a fully-validated HPLC method. Results: Compared to the THP monomer, the THP in TBSWF is absorbed faster, resides in the plasma longer and has a similar apparent volume of distribution Vz/F (10~20 L/kg). Compared to THP monomer and THP in TBSWF, the area under the concentration-time curve AUC 0-t of THP in ECA decreases two-third; Vz/F of THP in ECA (85.02 L/kg) is significantly higher than that of THP in TBSWF(p <0.05). Unlike THP monomer and THP in ECA, double peaks are observed in the C-T profile of THP after oral administration of TBSWF. THP in TBSWF exhibits slow release to a certain degree. Conclusion: The interactions among the ingredients of TBSWF promote the adsorption and prolong the residence time of THP in vivo, and provide an explanation for the advantages of TBSWF from the point of pharmacokinetics.

scholarly journals Association between the Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in Malawian Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3601-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraction K. Dzinjalamala ◽  
Allan Macheso ◽  
James G. Kublin ◽  
Terrie E. Taylor ◽  
Karen I. Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Phase ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Elimination Half ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Parasitological Response ◽  
Phase Elimination ◽  
Malaria Risk Factors

ABSTRACT Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) has been widely used in recent years to treat acute uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Risk factors for SP therapeutic failure include young age, subtherapeutic SP concentrations, and resistance-conferring genetic mutations in parasite target enzymes. A substantial proportion of patients are able to clear genetically highly resistant P. falciparum genotypes. To determine whether blood SP concentrations independently affect the patient's ability to clear resistant genotypes, we compared SP pharmacokinetics of cases of adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) with cases of treatment failure (TF). When patients with ACPR and TF were compared, mean values were similar for the day 3 blood pyrimethamine (205 ng/ml versus 172 ng/ml; P = 0.25) and estimated maximum sulfadoxine (79 ± 6.52 versus 69 ± 6.27 μg/ml; P = 0.60) concentrations, for sulfadoxine terminal-phase elimination half-lives (7.15 versus 6.41 days; P = 0.42), and for the extents of sulfadoxine absorption (areas under the concentration-time curve of 932 ± 100 versus 888 ± 78.9 μg day ml−1; P = 0.72). Among patients infected with the quintuple resistant parasites, day 3 blood pyrimethamine concentrations were higher in those who cleared the infection than in those who did not (305 ± 35.4 versus 228 ± 21.7 ng/ml; P = 0.037). Within this subgroup, this finding remained significant after adjusting for endogenous folate levels, age, site, and resistance-conferring mutations (odds ratio: 1.011 [1.003 to 1.024]; P = 0.018). However, as a subgroup analysis, our biologically plausible observation that higher blood pyrimethamine concentrations enhance the ability of patients to clear resistant P. falciparum should be interpreted with caution and needs further validation.

scholarly journals In Vivo Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Omadacycline against Staphylococcus aureus in the Neutropenic Mouse Pneumonia Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J. Lepak ◽  
Miao Zhao ◽  
Karen Marchillo ◽  
Jamie VanHecker ◽  
David R. Andes
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Epithelial Lining ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Epithelial Lining Fluid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Mrsa Strains

ABSTRACT Omadacycline is an effective therapy for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Given its potent activity against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), we sought to determine the pharmacodynamic activity and target pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) exposures associated with a therapeutic effect in the neutropenic mouse pneumonia model against 10 MSSA/MRSA strains. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC associated with 1-log kill was noted at 24-h epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma AUC/MIC exposures of ∼2 (ELF range, <0.93 to 19; plasma range, <1.06 to 17) and 2-log kill was noted at 24-h ELF and plasma AUC/MIC exposures of ∼12 (ELF range, 2.5 to 130; plasma range, 3.5 to 151).

scholarly journals PHARMACODYNAMICS EFFECT OF METHYLPREDNISOLONE TABLETS ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATION OF ANNEXIN A1: IN VIVO COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN GENERIC AND INNOVATOR DRUG

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Hansen Nasif ◽  
Henny Lucida ◽  
Yanwirasti Yanwirasti ◽  
Yufri Aldi ◽  
Yori Yuliandra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Annexin A1 ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Generic Products

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate the comparative pharmacodynamics effect of methylprednisolone (MP) innovator, MP branded generic, and MP generic products to the serum concentration of annexin A1 (AnxA1).Methods: It was conducted by two-way crossover design in male rabbits. AnxA1 was measured at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 h after the administration of the drugs. The peak concentration (Cmax), the time at which the peak concentration was achieved (Tmax), and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were also determined.Results: The highest concentration and widest AUC of AnxA1 were obtained in MP innovator drug. MP innovator and branded generic reaches the peak time (Tmax) at the third 3rd h, while the MP generic reaches the peak time at the 5th h. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the serum concentration of AnxA1 between MP tablets after analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance.Conclusion: It could be concluded that the innovator drug of MP tablet gave the same effect on the serum concentration of AnxA1 than its generic counterparts, but an onset of action MP innovator and branded generic is faster than the generic product.

scholarly journals Kill kinetics and regrowth patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exposed to concentration-time profiles of tobramycin simulating in vivo infusion and bolus dosing.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1321-1324
Author(s):  
P J Wood ◽  
L L Ioannides-Demos ◽  
E B Bastone ◽  
W J Spicer ◽  
A J McLean
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Bacteriostatic Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Concentration ◽  
Initial Profile ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Concentration Time

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was exposed to tobramycin concentration-time profiles modelling in vivo bolus and infusion dosing. Dependence of bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity on the initial profile of peak concentration (bolus effect > infusion) and area under the antibiotic concentration-time curve was observed at peak concentration/MIC ratios of 10 or below.

scholarly journals Pharmacodynamics of Imipenem in Combination with β-Lactamase Inhibitor MK7655 in a Murine Thigh Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 790-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Mavridou ◽  
Ria J. B. Melchers ◽  
Anita C. H. A. M. van Mil ◽  
E. Mangin ◽  
Mary R. Motyl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Fractionation ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Unbound Fraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Lactamase Inhibitor

ABSTRACTMK7655 is a newly developed beta-lactamase inhibitor of class A and class C carbapenemases. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of imipenem-cilastatin (IMP/C) and MK7655 were determined for intraperitoneal doses of 4 mg/kg to 128 mg/kg of body weight. MIC and pharmacodynamics (PD) studies of MK7655 were performed against several beta-lactamase producingPseudomonas aeruginosaandKlebsiella pneumoniaestrains to determine its effectin vitroandin vivo. Neutropenic mice were infected in each thigh 2 h before treatment with an inoculum of approximately 5 × 106CFU. They were treated with IMP/C alone (every 2 hours [q2h], various doses) or in combination with MK7655 in either a dose fractionation study or q2h for 24 h and sacrificed for CFU determinations. IMP/MK7655 decreased MICs regarding IMP MIC. The PK profiles of IMP/C and MK7655 were linear over the dosing range studied and comparable with volumes of distribution (V) of 0.434 and 0.544 liter/kg and half-lives (t1/2) of 0.24 and 0.25 h, respectively. Protein binding of MK7655 was 20%. A sigmoidal maximum effect (Emax) model was fit to the PK/PD index responses. The effect of the inhibitor was not related to the maximum concentration of drug in serum (Cmax)/MIC, and model fits forT>MICand area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC were comparable (R2of 0.7 and 0.75), but there appeared to be no significant relationship of effect with dose frequency. Escalating doses of MK7655 and IMP/C showed that the AUC of MK7655 required for a static effect was dependent on the dose of IMP/C and the MIC of the strain, with a mean area under the concentration-time curve for the free, unbound fraction of the drug (fAUC) of 26.0 mg · h/liter. MK7655 shows significant activityin vivoand results in efficacy of IMP/C in otherwise resistant strains. The exposure-response relationships found can serve as a basis for establishing dosing regimens in humans.

scholarly journals In Vivo Comparison of the Pharmacodynamic Targets for Echinocandin Drugs against Candida Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 2497-2506 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Andes ◽  
D. J. Diekema ◽  
M. A. Pfaller ◽  
J. Bohrmuller ◽  
K. Marchillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Good Descriptor

ABSTRACT Previous pharmacodynamic studies using in vivo candidiasis models have demonstrated that the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC is a good descriptor of the echinocandin exposure-response relationship. Further studies investigating the 24-h AUC/MIC target for a stasis endpoint identified free-drug 24-h AUC/MIC against Candida albicans and were similar for two echinocandins, anidulafungin and micafungin. The current studies expand investigation of a third echinocandin (caspofungin) and compare the pharmacodynamic target among C. albicans, Candida glabrata, and Candida parapsilosis. Treatment studies were conducted with six C. albicans, nine C. glabrata, and 15 C. parapsilosis strains with various MICs (anidulafungin, 0.015 to 4.0 μg/ml; caspofungin, 0.03 to 4.0 μg/ml; and micafungin, 0.008 to 1.0 μg/ml). Efficacy was closely tied to MIC and the 24-h AUC/MIC. Therapy against C. parapsilosis required more of each echinocandin on a mg/kg basis. Caspofungin required less drug on a mg/kg basis for efficacy against all of the organisms than did the other two drugs. However, the 24-h AUC/MIC targets were similar among the echinocandins when free drug concentrations were considered, suggesting the relevance of protein binding. The targets for C. parapsilosis (mean, 7) and C. glabrata (mean, 7) were significantly lower than those for C. albicans (mean, 20) for each echinocandin. The results suggest that current susceptibility breakpoints and the consideration of organism species in these determinations should be reexplored.

In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities of ER-30346, a novel oral triazole with a broad antifungal spectrum.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hata ◽  
J Kimura ◽  
H Miki ◽  
T Toyosawa ◽  
T Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Infections

ER-30346 is a novel oral triazole with a broad spectrum of potent activity against a wide range of fungi. ER-30346, with MICs at which 90% of the strains tested are inhibited (MIC90s) ranging from 0.025 to 0.78 microgram/ml, was 4 to 32 times more active than itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B against Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata. Against Candida tropicalis, ER-30346, with an MIC90 of 12.5 micrograms/ml, was 2 to > 8 times more active than itraconazole and fluconazole, but was 16 times less active than amphotericin B. ER-30346 (MIC90, 0.78 microgram/ml) was four to eight times more active than fluconazole and amphotericin B and had activity comparable to that of itraconazole against Trichosporon beigelli. The MIC90s of ER-30346 were 0.10 microgram/ml for Cryptococcus neoformans and 0.39 microgram/ml for Aspergillus fumigatus. ER-30346 was 2 to 8 times more active than itraconazole and amphotericin B and 32 to > 256 times more active than fluconazole. ER-30346 also showed good activity against dermatophytes, with MICs ranging from 0.05 to 0.39 microgram/ml, and its activity was comparable to or 2 to 16 times higher than those of itraconazole and amphotericin B and > 32 times higher than that of fluconazole. In vivo activity was evaluated with systemic infections in mice. Against systemic candidiasis and cryptococcosis, ER-30346 was comparable in efficacy to fluconazole and was more effective than itraconazole. Of the drugs tested, ER-30346 was the most effective drug against systemic aspergillosis. We studied the levels of ER-30346 in mouse plasma. The maximum concentration of drug in plasma and the area under the concentration-time curve for ER-30346 showed good linearity over a range of doses from 2 to 40 mg/kg of body weight.

scholarly journals Domestic Cat Model for Predicting Human Nucleoside Analogue Pharmacokinetics in Blood and Seminal Plasma

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2173-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly L. Jordan ◽  
Arlene S. Pereira ◽  
Myron S. Cohen ◽  
Angela D. M. Kashuba
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Nucleoside Analogue ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Feline Model ◽  
Cat Model ◽  
Male Genital

ABSTRACT To establish whether a feline model can predict nucleoside analogue behavior in human semen, zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC) pharmacokinetic parameters (PKs) were determined in the blood and seminal plasma of healthy cats. Our results show considerable similarity in ZDV and 3TC PKs between cats and humans. As in humans, ZDV and 3TC tend to accumulate in feline seminal plasma. Area under the blood plasma concentration-time curve was predictive of seminal plasma excretion. The felid model offers a unique in vivo experimental alternative for investigating the pharmacokinetics of nucleoside analogues in the male genital tract.

scholarly journals Penetration of Linezolid into Soft Tissues of Healthy Volunteers after Single and Multiple Doses

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2367-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pejman Dehghanyar ◽  
Cornelia Bürger ◽  
Markus Zeitlinger ◽  
Florian Islinger ◽  
Florian Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
In Vivo Microdialysis ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Multiple Doses ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Free Plasma

ABSTRACT The present study tested the ability of linezolid to penetrate soft tissues in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy volunteers were subjected to linezolid drug intake at a dose of 600 mg twice a day for 3 to 5 days. The first dose was administered intravenously. All following doses were self-administered orally. The tissue penetration of linezolid was assessed by use of in vivo microdialysis. In the single-dose experiments the ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 h (AUC0-8) for tissue to the AUC0-8 for free plasma were 1.4 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.3 ± 0.4 for subcutaneous adipose and muscle tissue, respectively. After multiple doses, the corresponding mean ratios were 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.0 ± 0.5, respectively. The ratios of the AUC from 0 to 24 h (AUC0-24) for free linezolid in tissues to the MIC were between 50 and 100 for target pathogens with MICs between 2 and 4 mg/liter. In conclusion, the present study showed that linezolid penetrates rapidly into the interstitial space fluid of subcutaneous adipose and skeletal muscle tissues in healthy volunteers. On the basis of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic calculations, we suggest that linezolid concentrations in soft tissues can be considered sufficient to inhibit the growth of many clinically relevant bacteria.

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