RESEARCH: Warmwater Stream Bank Protection and Fish Habitat: A Comparative Study

F. D. Shields, Jr.

doi:10.1007/s002670010089

Stream-barb installations for narrow channel bends — a laboratory study

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/l04-017 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 478-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Troy Matsuura ◽

Ronald Townsend

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Study ◽

Phase 1 ◽

Rectangular Channel ◽

Field Tests ◽

Narrow Channel ◽

Secondary Currents ◽

Stream Bank ◽

Low Profile ◽

Bank Protection ◽

Bed Scour

Phase 1 of an ongoing laboratory study of a novel form of stream-bank protection structure is described. "Barbs" are dike-like stone structures designed to protect the (usually unstable) outside-bank regions of channel bends. These low-profile structures point upstream into the flow and typically extend to about 1/4-way across the channel. By disrupting near-bank velocity gradients they promote sediment deposition along the eroding outside-bank region. Their presence also modifies the "helicoidal"-type flow pattern of the bend such that secondary currents, which would otherwise attack the outside-bank, are redirected towards the center of the channel. This novel form of bank protection structure is currently undergoing field tests on selected bends on a number of shallow "wide" streams in Illinois, USA. While initial results are encouraging, additional studies are necessary to develop design criteria for their wider application. In phase 1 of this study, the effectiveness of different arrangements of barb groups, in both 90° and 135° moveable-bed bend sections of a hydraulically "narrow" rectangular channel, are investigated. For each hydraulic condition considered, the channel-bed scour profiles generated by the different barb groups are compared to corresponding "reference" profiles generated in the absence of barbs. Judging the effectiveness of the different barb groups in promoting long-term stability of the outside-bank region is based on two criteria: (i) percent reduction achieved in scouring in the vicinity of the outside-bank and (ii) degree to which the channel thalweg (deepest portion) is moved from the outside-bank region towards the center of the channel.Key words: barb, channel bends, local scouring, bank erosion, bank protection, secondary currents.

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Evaluation and Assessment of Environmentally Sensitive Stream Bank Protection Measures

10.17226/23540 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

P. F. Lagasse ◽

P. E. Clopper ◽

C. I. Thornton ◽

F. D. Shields Jr ◽

J. McCullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protection Measures ◽

Stream Bank ◽

Bank Protection ◽

Environmentally Sensitive ◽

Evaluation And Assessment

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Case Study of GFRP as a Sheet-pile Wall for Stream Bank Protection in Taiwan

Case Studies in Construction Materials ◽

10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00602 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e00602

Author(s):

Yeou-Fong Li ◽

Ching-Kai Chen ◽

Walter Chen

Keyword(s):

Sheet Pile ◽

Stream Bank ◽

Bank Protection ◽

Sheet Pile Wall

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Assessment of Success Biostabilization Techniques on Selected Watercrossings in Alberta

Volume 1: Project Management; Design and Construction; Environmental Issues; GIS/Database Development; Innovative Projects and Emerging Issues; Operations and Maintenance; Pipelining in Northern Environments; Standards and Regulations ◽

10.1115/ipc2006-10082 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Albert Lees ◽

Andrea Jalbert ◽

M. Traverso

Keyword(s):

Fish Habitat ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Control Surface ◽

Surface Erosion ◽

Frozen Ground ◽

Stream Bank ◽

Flow Information ◽

Vehicle Activity ◽

Bank Stabilization ◽

Traditional Structures

Since the early 1980’s TransCanada PipeLines Ltd. (TransCanada) has employed a number of stream bank stabilization measures in an effort to minimize the loss of fish habitat and to reduce the risk of long term erosion and sedimentation. Traditional stream crossing stabilization involved the re-contouring of streambanks to a stable slope (generally 2:1) and then lining the banks with rock armour and seeding. TransCanada began using alternate techniques, primarily log-walls in 1981. Since 1981 TransCanada has evolved the use stream bank stabilization techniques to include bio-stabilization techniques such as live log-walls, fascines, live staking, and brush layering in combination with more traditional structures. In 2004, TransCanada initiated a two year project to assess the success of biostabilization techniques used on a number of watercrossing throughout the its’ Alberta System. A total of 22 stream crossings were assessed in 2004 and 24 in 2005. Sites assessed were located the foothills and boreal forest areas of Alberta. In the majority of cases the biostabilization methods utilized were still intact and functioning as planned by providing stable streambanks and fish habitat. Several factors appeared to be influencing the value of the measures employed. Cattle grazing on sites where fencing did not exclude cattle from the crossing site resulted in destruction or reduced value of the measures employed. Uncontrolled All Terrain Vehicle activity resulted in a reduced value of the measure employed. Implementation of biostabilization techniques in the winter months (frozen ground conditions) created challenges in implementation of biostabilization measures resulting in less favorable results compared to other sites constructed in early and late fall. Seeding to control surface erosion also appeared to affect overall success of woody vegetation used as part of the biostabilization techniques. Biostabilization techniques employed by TransCanad have been effective in stabilizing watercrossings and providing fish habitat. In designing biostabilization systems for watercrossings consideration should be given to overall stabilization objectives, stream flow information, fish and fish habitat values, and likelihood of success given the geographic region, timing of construction, and surrounding land-use pressures.

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