A dynamic model of mating behavior in digger wasps: the energetics of male-male competition mimic size-dependent thermal constraints

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Fraizer
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Thermal Constraints

scholarly journals Larval competition risk shapes male–male competition and mating behavior in an anuran

2016 ◽  
pp. arw100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Cayuela ◽  
Thierry Lengagne ◽  
Bernard Kaufmann ◽  
Pierre Joly ◽  
Jean-Paul Léna
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Larval Competition

A size-dependent nonlinear third-order shear-deformable dynamic model for a microplate on an elastic medium

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 3281-3299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mergen H. Ghayesh ◽  
Hamed Farokhi ◽  
Shahid Hussain ◽  
Alireza Gholipour ◽  
Maziar Arjomandi
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Medium ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Shear Deformable

scholarly journals Fluctuating selection strength and intense male competition underlie variation and exaggeration of a water strider’s male weapon

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Toubiana ◽  
Abderrahman Khila
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Male Competition ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Fluctuating Selection ◽  
Sexually Selected Traits ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Gravid Females ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSexually selected traits can reach high degrees of expression and variation under directional selection. A growing number of studies suggest that such selection can vary in space, time and form within and between populations. However, the impact of these fluctuations on sexual trait expression is poorly understood. The water striderMicrovelia longipesdisplays a striking case of exaggeration and phenotypic variation where males display extreme differences in the size of their rear legs. To study the origin and maintenance of this exaggerated trait, we conducted comparative behavioral and morphometric experiments in a sample ofMicroveliaspecies. We uncovered differences both in the mating behavior and the degree of sexual dimorphism across these species. Interestingly,M. longipesevolved a specific mating behavior where males compete for egg-laying sites, consisting of small floating objects, to intercept and copulate with gravid females. Field observations revealed rapid fluctuation inM. longipeshabitat stability and the abundance of egg-laying sites. Through male-male competition assays, we demonstrated that male rear legs are used as weapons to dominate egg-laying sites and that intense competition is associated with the evolution of rear leg length exaggeration. Paternity tests using genetic markers demonstrated that small males could only fertilize about 5% of the eggs when egg-laying sites are limiting, whereas this proportion increased to about 20% when egg-laying sites become abundant. Furthermore, diet manipulation and artificial selection experiments also showed that the exaggerated leg length inM. longipesmales is influenced by both genetic and nutritional factors. Collectively, our results highlight how fluctuation in the strength of directional sexual selection, through changes in the intensity of male competition, can drive the exaggeration and phenotypic variation in this weapon trait.

Production and STEM examination of controlled-size silver clusters

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
M. A. Listvan ◽  
R. P. Andres
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Size ◽  
Metal Clusters ◽  
Experimental Parameter ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Silver Clusters ◽  
Free Jet ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Cluster Properties ◽  
Controllable Size

Knowledge of the function and structure of small metal clusters is one goal of research in catalysis. One important experimental parameter is cluster size. Ideally, one would like to produce metal clusters of regulated size in order to characterize size-dependent cluster properties.A source has been developed which is capable of producing microscopic metal clusters of controllable size (in the range 5-500 atoms) This source, the Multiple Expansion Cluster Source, with a Free Jet Deceleration Filter (MECS/FJDF) operates as follows. The bulk metal is heated in an oven to give controlled concentrations of monomer and dimer which were expanded sonically. These metal species were quenched and condensed in He and filtered to produce areosol particles of a controlled size as verified by mass spectrometer measurements. The clusters were caught on pre-mounted, clean carbon films. The grids were then transferred in air for microscopic examination. MECS/FJDF was used to produce two different sizes of silver clusters for this study: nominally Ag6 and Ag50.

Transfer Technique for Electron Microscopy of Membrance Filter Samples

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 554-555
Author(s):  
Lawrence W. Ortiz ◽  
Bonnie L. Isom
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Size Dependent

A procedure is described for the quantitative transfer of fibers and particulates collected on membrane filters to electron microscope (EM) grids. Various Millipore MF filters (Millipore AA, HA, GS, and VM; 0.8, 0.45, 0.22 and 0.05 μm mean pore size) have been used with success. Observed particle losses have not been size dependent and have not exceeded 10%. With fibers (glass or asbestos) as the collected media this observed loss is approximately 3%.

Short-term volume and turgor regulation in yeast

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Schaber ◽  
Edda Klipp
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Volume Change ◽  
Volume Regulation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrodynamic Property ◽  
Turgor Regulation ◽  
Thermodynamic Framework

Volume is a highly regulated property of cells, because it critically affects intracellular concentration. In the present chapter, we focus on the short-term volume regulation in yeast as a consequence of a shift in extracellular osmotic conditions. We review a basic thermodynamic framework to model volume and solute flows. In addition, we try to select a model for turgor, which is an important hydrodynamic property, especially in walled cells. Finally, we demonstrate the validity of the presented approach by fitting the dynamic model to a time course of volume change upon osmotic shock in yeast.

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