Acute Toxicity of Methyl-Parathion in Wetland Mesocosms: Assessing the Influence of Aquatic Plants Using Laboratory Testing with Hyalella azteca

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schulz ◽  
M. T. Moore ◽  
E. R. Bennett ◽  
C. D. Milam ◽  
J. L. Bouldin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms

Evaluating acute toxicity of methyl parathion application in constructed wetland mesocosms

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Milam ◽  
J. L. Bouldin ◽  
J. L Farris ◽  
R. Schulz ◽  
M. T. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms

scholarly journals TOXICIDADE AGUDA DO INSETICIDA PARATION METÍLICO E DO BIOPESTICIDA AZADIRACTINA DE FOLHAS DE NEEM (Azadirachta indica) PARA ALEVINO E JUVENIL DE PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDINEI CRUZ ◽  
JOAQUIM G. MACHADO-NETO ◽  
MANOEL LIMA DE MENEZES
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Piaractus Mesopotamicus ◽  
Neem Leaves

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram calcular a CL (I) 50-96h do inseticida organofosforado paration metílico e do biopesticida azadiractina para alevinos e juvenis de pacu ( P. mesopotamicus). Também pretendeu-se avaliar o efeito do peso corpóreo sobre a toxicidade aguda do paration metílico e do neem para o pacu, bem como classificar o risco ambiental do uso de paration metílico e do neem para o controle de parasitas e patógenos de pacu. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em condições laboratoriais, para a determinação da concentração letal (CL (I) 50-96h). A CL (I) 50-96h calculada do paration metílico foi de 3,97 mg/L para os alevinos e de 9,89 mg/L para os juvenis. Para a azadiractina foi de 1,20 mg/L para os alevinos e de 1,18 mg/L para os juvenis. As concentrações de 1,0 mg/L de paration metílico para os alevinos e de 7,5 mg/L para os juvenis e as de 0,29 e 0,59 mg/L de azadiractina não provocaram mortalidade nos animais expostos e podem ser utilizadas como referência em estudos de controle de parasitas em pacu . O paration metílico foi menos tóxico para os alevinos e para os juvenis de pacu do que a azadiractina, indicando a necessidade de cuidados com a utilização de extratos aquosos de neem no ambiente aquático. ACUTE TOXICITY OF THE INSECTICIDE METHYL PARATHION AND OF THE BIOPESTICIDE AZADIRACHTIN FROM NEEM LEAVES (Azadirachta indica) TO ALEVINE AND JUVENILE PACU (Piaractus mesopotamicus) Abstract The objectives of the present study were: to calculate the lethal concentration LC (I) 50-96 h of methyl parathion and of the biopesticide azadirachtin to alevine and juvenile pacu ( P. mesopotamicus). Also to determine the effect of body weight on acute toxicity of methyl parathion and of neem for pacu, as well as to classify the environmental risk of the methyl parathion and neem uses for the control of pacu parasites and pathogens. Two experiments were performed under laboratory conditions for the determination of the LC (I) 50-96 h. The LC (I) 50-96 h of methyl parathion was 3.97 mg/L for alevine and 9.89 mg/L for juvenile fish. The LC (I) 50-96 h of azadirachtin was 1.20 mg/L for alevine and 1.18 mg/L for juvenile pacu. Concentrations of 1.0 and 7.5 mg/L of methyl parathion and of 0.29 and 0.59 mg/L of azadirachtin for alevine and juvenile pacu, respectively, did not cause mortality in the exposed animals and can be used as references in studies on the control of parasites in pacu. Methyl parathion was less toxic to alevine and juvenile pacu than azadirachtin, indicating the need for careful utilization of aqueous neem extracts in aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Acute toxicity of methyl parathion on Daphnia laevis (Birge, 1879) and its impact on the activity of farmed fish

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erlei Cassiano Keppeler ◽  
Luís Pedro de Melo Plese ◽  
Lisandro Juno Soares Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Farmed Fish

Methyl parathion toxicity in vegetated and nonvegetated wetland mesocosms

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1262-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Schulz ◽  
Matt T. Moore ◽  
Erin R. Bennett ◽  
Jerry L. Farris ◽  
Sammie Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Wetland Mesocosms

Degradation of parathion and the reduction of acute toxicity in TiO2 photocatalysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Zoh ◽  
T.S. Kim ◽  
J.G. Kim ◽  
K.H. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Tio2 Photocatalysis ◽  
Solar Reactor

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl parathion was done using a circulating TiO2/UV and TiO2/solar reactor. Indoor experimental results showed that, under the photocatalysis conditions, parathion was more effectively degraded than under the photolysis and TiO2 only conditions. Parathion (38μM) was completely degraded under photocatalysis within 90min, and more than 80% TOC decrease after 150 minutes. The main ionic byproducts during the photocatalysis were measured, and almost complete nitrogen recovery was achieved as mainly NO3− NO2−, and NH4+, and 80% of sulfur as recovered as SO42−. Organic intermediates such as nitrophenol and methyl paraoxon were also identified during the photocatalysis of parathion, and these were further degraded after 90 minutes. Microtox bioassay using Vibrio fischeri was used in evaluating the toxicity of solutions treated by photocatalysis and photolysis of parathion. The results showed that the acute toxicity expressed as EC50 almost reduced after 90min under the photocatalysis condition whereas only 40% reduction of toxicity as EC50 was achieved in photolysis condition. The outdoor results using a TiO2/solar system were similar to the TiO2 indoor system, indicating the possibility of applying TiO2/solar system for the treatment of parathion-contaminated water.

scholarly journals The Acute Toxicity of Thulium to Hyalella Azteca and the Influence of Toxicity Modifying Factors.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria Loveridge ◽  
D. Scott Smith ◽  
Jim C. McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Hyalella Azteca ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Modifying Factors

Abstract The demand for rare earth elements (REEs) is growing and as a result, environmental exposure is a concern. The objective of this research was to evaluate the acute toxicity of Tm to Hyalella azteca and to understand the potential for toxicity modification by dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the cations Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+. Standard methods were followed for 96 h static exposures in a medium with a hardness of 60 mg CaCO3/L, pH of 7.3 at 23°C. H azteca neonates (2-9 d of age) were used and in unmodified media the LC50 concentration was 3.4 µM (95% CI 2.9-3.9 µM; 573 µg/L (482-663)) based on measured dissolved concentrations at the end of the test. Tests done with different concentrations of Ca (0.25, 0.5 and 1.5 mM) did not show consistent trends and there was no clear evidence of a protective effect from Ca. Variations in Na (0.26, 0.5 and 1.6 mM) resulted in no significant changes in toxicity. Similarly, Mg (0.07, 0.14 and 0.4 mM) did not result in significant changes in LC50 values, except for a reduction in toxicity for measured total Tm at the lowest Mg concentration. Our results indicate that Tm toxicity is not influence by cationic competition (Ca, Na and Mg). Dissolved organic matter (sourced from Luther Marsh ON) offered significant protection against Tm toxicity. Additions over 3 mg DOC/L resulted in significantly increased LC50 values. This study contributes toward understanding the toxicity of Tm and the importance of considering dissolved organic matter in estimating the potential for environmental risk of REEs.

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