Molecular Evolution of the Metazoan Extracellular Matrix: Cloning and Expression of Structural Proteins from the Demosponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 402-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schütze ◽  
Alexander Skorokhod ◽  
Isabel M. Müller ◽  
Werner E.G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Suberites Domuncula ◽  
Geodia Cydonium

Directing Axonal Growth: A Review on the Fabrication of Fibrous Scaffolds That Promotes the Orientation of Axons

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Devindraan Sirkkunan ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy ◽  
Farina Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Neuronal Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Neural Tissue Engineering ◽  
Fibrous Scaffolds ◽  
Specialized Function

Tissues are commonly defined as groups of cells that have similar structure and uniformly perform a specialized function. A lesser-known fact is that the placement of these cells within these tissues plays an important role in executing its functions, especially for neuronal cells. Hence, the design of a functional neural scaffold has to mirror these cell organizations, which are brought about by the configuration of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins. In this review, we will briefly discuss the various characteristics considered when making neural scaffolds. We will then focus on the cellular orientation and axonal alignment of neural cells within their ECM and elaborate on the mechanisms involved in this process. A better understanding of these mechanisms could shed more light onto the rationale of fabricating the scaffolds for this specific functionality. Finally, we will discuss the scaffolds used in neural tissue engineering (NTE) and the methods used to fabricate these well-defined constructs.

scholarly journals Complex Molecular Evolution and Expression of Expansin Gene Families in Three Basic Diploid Species of Brassica

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimiao Liu ◽  
Tianqi Lyu ◽  
Liai Xu ◽  
Ziwei Hu ◽  
Xingpeng Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Brassica Species ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Complete Genomic

Expansins are a kind of structural proteins of the plant cell wall, and they enlarge cells by loosening the cell walls. Therefore, expansins are involved in many growth and development processes. The complete genomic sequences of Brassica rapa, Brassica oleracea and Brassica nigra provide effective platforms for researchers to study expansin genes, and can be compared with analogues in Arabidopsis thaliana. This study identified and characterized expansin families in B. rapa, B. oleracea, and B. nigra. Through the comparative analysis of phylogeny, gene structure, and physicochemical properties, the expansin families were divided into four subfamilies, and then their expansion patterns and evolution details were explored accordingly. Results showed that after the three species underwent independent evolution following their separation from A. thaliana, the expansin families in the three species had increased similarities but fewer divergences. By searching divergences of promoters and coding sequences, significant positive correlations were revealed among orthologs in A. thaliana and the three basic species. Subsequently, differential expressions indicated extensive functional divergences in the expansin families of the three species, especially in reproductive development. Hence, these results support the molecular evolution of basic Brassica species, potential functions of these genes, and genetic improvement of related crops.

Cloning and expression of new receptors belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium

1999 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Blumbach ◽  
Bärbel Diehl-Seifert ◽  
Jürgen Seack ◽  
Renate Steffen ◽  
Isabel M. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Geodia Cydonium

scholarly journals Structural constraints on the evolution of the collagen fibril: convergence on a 1014-residue COL domain

Open Biology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 140220 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Anthony Slatter ◽  
Richard William Farndale
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Triple Helix ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Type I ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Fibrillar Collagen ◽  
Cross Linkage

Type I collagen is the fundamental component of the extracellular matrix. Its α1 gene is the direct descendant of ancestral fibrillar collagen and contains 57 exons encoding the rod-like triple-helical COL domain. We trace the evolution of the COL domain from a primordial collagen 18 residues in length to its present 1014 residues, the limit of its possible length. In order to maintain and improve the essential structural features of collagen during evolution, exons can be added or extended only in permitted, non-random increments that preserve the position of spatially sensitive cross-linkage sites. Such sites cannot be maintained unless the twist of the triple helix is close to 30 amino acids per turn. Inspection of the gene structure of other long structural proteins, fibronectin and titin, suggests that their evolution might have been subject to similar constraints.

Differential expression of allograft inflammatory factor 1 and of glutathione peroxidase during auto- and allograft response in marine sponges

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (23) ◽  
pp. 4305-4313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kruse ◽  
R. Steffen ◽  
R. Batel ◽  
I.M. Muller ◽  
W.E. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Inflammatory Factor ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Suberites Domuncula ◽  
Geodia Cydonium ◽  
Allograft Response

Very recently, Porifera (sponges) have been proven to be suitable model systems to study auto- and allograft recognition at the molecular level. Several potential immune molecules have been isolated from the marine sponges Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium, among them those which comprise Ig-like domains in their extracellular part. Here we report on the isolation of two cDNAs from S. domuncula that code for molecules involved in mammals in cytokine-mediated graft response; a putative allograft inflammatory factor 1 (AIF-1) and a non-selenium glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Both polypeptides share high similarity with the corresponding mammalian proteins. The expression of the two genes during auto- and allograft recognition in S. domuncula and G. cydonium was determined. It is shown that the expression of the AIF-1-related gene is upregulated only in allografts, while the GPX-related gene is expressed in the fusion zones formed between auto- as well as allografts. Taken together, these findings suggest that besides cell-mediated defense reactions a cytokine-dependent immune response is also elicited during graft recognition in sponges.

Cloning and expression of a tauropine dehydrogenase from the marine sponge Suberites domuncula

2008 ◽  
Vol 153 (6) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Plese ◽  
Vladislav A. Grebenjuk ◽  
Heinz C. Schröder ◽  
Hans J. Breter ◽  
Isabel M. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sponge ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Suberites Domuncula

Morphogenesis of human placental chorionic villi: cytoskeletal, syncytioskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins

1981 ◽  
Vol 212 (1188) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Proteins ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Chorionic Villi ◽  
Term Placenta ◽  
Supporting Structure ◽  
Polymeric Network ◽  
Near Term

Immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods were used to investigate the distribution of a family of structural proteins in the human placenta near term. These reveal the distribution of cytoskeletal and ‘syncytioskeletal’ components that may account for some of the more obvious micromorphological features of placental structure. In the syncytiotrophoblast a potentially supporting structure ‘the syncytioskeletal layer’ is described. It is an apparently continuous and complex polymeric network covering the villous tree, a surface of the order of 10m 2 in area in the full term placenta (Aherne & Dunnill 1966). It is suggested that this layer plays a part in morphogenesis of the villous tree.

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