The role of mucus in particle processing by suspension-feeding marine bivalves: unifying principles

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Beninger ◽  
S. D. St-Jean
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Particle Processing ◽  
Marine Bivalves ◽  
Unifying Principles

Histochemistry of the Bucco-Oesophageal Glands of Mytilus Edulis: The Importance of Mucus in Ingestion

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Beninger ◽  
Marcel Le Pennec
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Blue Mussel ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Digestive Function ◽  
Acid Mucopolysaccharides ◽  
Secretory Gland ◽  
Particle Ingestion

Histochemical techniques were used to investigate the possible role of the buccooesophageal glands in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L. (Mollusca: Bivalvia). No activity was observed for any of the eight major digestive enzymes tested; however, the glands contained large amounts of both neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. These results confirm the importance of mucus in the ingestive process in M. edulis, and do not support the hypothesis of ingestion of particles suspended in water alone.Until recently it was thought that the Bivalvia were the only class of molluscs in which some type of secretory gland of extracellular digestive function in the bucco-oesophageal region was totally absent (Table 1). However, in a study of the mode of particle ingestion in five species of suspension-feeding bivalves, an extensive glandular complex was reported in the bucco-oesophageal region of Mytilus edulis L. only (Beninger et al., 1991). Although these glands were observed to liberate secretions into the oesophageal lumen, it was not known whether they performed any digestive function.

scholarly journals Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. eabc6721
Author(s):  
John R. Paterson ◽  
Gregory D. Edgecombe ◽  
Diego C. García-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Compound Eye ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Growth Mode ◽  
Compound Eyes ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Ecological Diversity ◽  
Crown Group ◽  
Developmental Growth

Radiodonts are nektonic stem-group euarthropods that played various trophic roles in Paleozoic marine ecosystems, but information on their vision is limited. Optical details exist only in one species from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of Australia, here assigned to Anomalocaris aff. canadensis. We identify another type of radiodont compound eye from this deposit, belonging to ‘Anomalocaris’ briggsi. This ≤4-cm sessile eye has >13,000 lenses and a dorsally oriented acute zone. In both taxa, lenses were added marginally and increased in size and number throughout development, as in many crown-group euarthropods. Both species’ eyes conform to their inferred lifestyles: The macrophagous predator A. aff. canadensis has acute stalked eyes (>24,000 lenses each) adapted for hunting in well-lit waters, whereas the suspension-feeding ‘A.’ briggsi could detect plankton in dim down-welling light. Radiodont eyes further demonstrate the group’s anatomical and ecological diversity and reinforce the crucial role of vision in early animal ecosystems.

scholarly journals Common principles of early mammalian embryo self-organisation

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (14) ◽  
pp. dev183079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berenika Płusa ◽  
Anna Piliszek
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Development ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Early Mammalian Embryo ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
Unifying Principles ◽  
Morphogenic Process ◽  
Early Mammalian Development

ABSTRACTPre-implantation mammalian development unites extreme plasticity with a robust outcome: the formation of a blastocyst, an organised multi-layered structure ready for implantation. The process of blastocyst formation is one of the best-known examples of self-organisation. The first three cell lineages in mammalian development specify and arrange themselves during the morphogenic process based on cell-cell interactions. Despite decades of research, the unifying principles driving early mammalian development are still not fully defined. Here, we discuss the role of physical forces, and molecular and cellular mechanisms, in driving self-organisation and lineage formation that are shared between eutherian mammals.

scholarly journals The role of taphonomy in cladistic analysis: A case study in Permian bivalves.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Marcello Guimarães Simões ◽  
Antonio Carlos Marques ◽  
Luiz Henrique Cruz de Mello ◽  
Renato Pirani Ghilardi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mode Of Life ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Potential Factors

The Megadesmidae (Bivalvia, Anomalodesmata) fossil record was examined in order to assess the role of taphonomy in cladistic analysis. Megadesmids are thick-shelled, infaunal, suspension-feeding bivalves. Our data indicate that their fossil record seems biased in favor of thick-shelled, shallow-burrowing genera and/or deep­burrowing forms. Consequently, there is a relation between the mode of life (shallow versus deep) and the resolution and quality of the fossil record. Deep-burrowers (Vacunella) are often preserved in life position offering a more accurate (temporal and spatial) fossil record, adequate for paleoecological inferences, while shallow-burrower shells (Plesiocyprinella), that are more prone to post-mortem transport and temporal mixing, offer a record with poor spatial and temporal resolution. The identification of homoplasy among infauna! bivalves constitutes a major challenge for their cladistic analysis. Within Megadesmidae intrinsic (bauplan limitations) and extrinsic (better preservational potential) factors favor the occurrence and preservation of homoplasy among the deep-burrowers. The implications are: a) clustering of deep-burrowing bivalves (Vacunella, Roxoa) due to parallel homoplasies, forming "adaptive", not necessarily "evolutive" taxa, and b) lower consistency indices in their cladistic analysis. 

Creativity in Action: Exploring Cross-Cutting Models of Self-Organization and Emergence in Science and Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
Manfred Euler
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
External Control ◽  
Creative Processes ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Unifying Principles ◽  
The Individual

This review presents a sequence of exemplary experience-based encounters with self-organizing systems on different levels of difficulty. Based on hands-on experiments and creative modeling it provides a viable educational road to build up a deeper understanding of self-organization principles and their comprehensive nature. Theories of self-organization describe how patterns, structures and new types of behavior emerge in energetically open systems, resulting from the local interaction of many components. As an external control instance is missing, the underlying philosophy is counterintuitive to our habits of causal thinking. This thematic and conceptual framework impacts on many STEM domains and presents a blueprint for modeling emergent structures and complex functions in natural and technological systems. It reveals unifying principles that can help in reducing, in structuring and, finally, in understanding and controlling the emerging complexity. An overview across diverse STEM domains highlights the role of this overarching concept. This cross-disciplinary approach can help in improving the dialogue and the knowledge exchange between the individual fields. Moreover, in a self-referential fashion, the modeling of self-organization provides us with fresh perspectives to reflect our own creative processes.

The role of toxic planocerid flatworm larvae on tetrodotoxin accumulation in marine bivalves

2021 ◽  
pp. 105908
Author(s):  
Taiki Okabe ◽  
Rion Saito ◽  
Kohei Yamamoto ◽  
Riku Watanabe ◽  
Yoshiki Kaneko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Bivalves
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