Phylogeographic structure of false clownfish, Amphiprion ocellaris , explained by sea level changes on the Sunda shelf

2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Nelson ◽  
R. J. Hoddell ◽  
L. M. Chou ◽  
W. K. Chan ◽  
V. P. E. Phang
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Phylogeographic Structure ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Sunda Shelf

Sundaland's subsidence requires revisiting its biogeography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Husson ◽  
Florian Boucher ◽  
Anta-Clarisse Sarr ◽  
Pierre Sepulchre ◽  
Sri Yudawati Cahyarini
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Marine Isotope Stage ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Late Pliocene ◽  
Sea Level Variations

<div> <div> <div> <p>It is widely accepted that sea level changes intermittently inun- dated the Sunda Shelf throughout the Pleistocene, separating Java, Sumatra and Borneo from the Malay Peninsula and from each other. On this basis, the dynamics of the biodiversity hotspot of Sundaland is consistently regarded as solely contingent on glacial sea level os- cillations, with interglacial highstands creating intermittent dispersal barriers between disjunct landmasses. However, recent findings on the geomorphology of the currently submerged Sunda shelf sug- gest that it subsided during the Pleistocene and that, over the Late Pliocene and Quaternary, is was never submerged prior to Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11, 400 ka). This would have enabled the dispersal of terrestrial organisms regardless of sea level variations until 400 ka and hampered movements thereafter, at least during interglacial periods. Existing phylogeographic data for terrestrial organisms conform to this scenario: available divergence time esti- mates reveal an 8‐ to 9‐fold increase in the rate of vicariance be- tween landmasses of Sundaland after 400 ka, corresponding to the onset of episodic flooding of the Sunda shelf. These results highlight how reconsidering the paleogeographic setting of Sundaland chal- lenges understanding the mechanisms generating Southeast Asian biodiversity.</p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Ancient divergence time estimates inEutropis rugiferasupport the existence of Pleistocene barriers on the exposed Sunda Shelf

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Karin ◽  
Indraneil Das ◽  
Todd R. Jackman ◽  
Aaron M. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Divergence Times ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Sunda Shelf ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates

Episodic sea level changes that repeatedly exposed and inundated the Sunda Shelf characterize the Pleistocene. Available evidence points to a more xeric central Sunda Shelf during periods of low sea levels, and despite the broad land connections that persisted during this time, some organisms are assumed to have faced barriers to dispersal between land-masses on the Sunda Shelf.Eutropis rugiferais a secretive, forest adapted scincid lizard that ranges across the Sunda Shelf. In this study, we sequenced one mitochondrial (ND2) and four nuclear (BRCA1,BRCA2,RAG1, andMC1R) markers and generated a time-calibrated phylogeny in BEAST to test whether divergence times between Sundaic populations ofE. rugiferaoccurred during Pleistocene sea-level changes, or if they predate the Pleistocene. We find thatE. rugiferashows pre-Pleistocene divergences between populations on different Sundaic land-masses. The earliest divergence withinE. rugiferaseparates the Philippine samples from the Sundaic samples approximately 16 Ma; the Philippine populations thus cannot be considered conspecific with Sundaic congeners. Sundaic populations diverged approximately 6 Ma, and populations within Borneo from Sabah and Sarawak separated approximately 4.5 Ma in the early Pliocene, followed by further cladogenesis in Sarawak through the Pleistocene. Divergence of peninsular Malaysian populations from the Mentawai Archipelago occurred approximately 5 Ma. Separation among island populations from the Mentawai Archipelago likely dates to the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary approximately 3.5 Ma, and our samples from peninsular Malaysia appear to coalesce in the middle Pleistocene, about 1 Ma. Coupled with the monophyly of these populations, these divergence times suggest that despite consistent land-connections between these regions throughout the PleistoceneE. rugiferastill faced barriers to dispersal, which may be a result of environmental shifts that accompanied the sea-level changes.

Paleozoic Sea-Level Changes in the Appalachian Basin: Washington, D.C., July 20–24, 1989

10.1029/ft354 ◽  
1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dennison ◽  
Edwin J. Anderson ◽  
Jack D. Beuthin ◽  
Edward Cotter ◽  
Richard J. Diecchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Appalachian Basin ◽  
Sea Level Changes
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