Microdialysis of galanin in rat spinal cord: in vitro and in vivo studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hygge Blakeman ◽  
Z. Wiesenfeld-Hallin ◽  
P. Alster
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of PU/PLDL Sponges Intended for Grafting Injured Spinal Cord

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2693
Author(s):  
Anna Lis-Bartos ◽  
Dariusz Szarek ◽  
Małgorzata Krok-Borkowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Marycz ◽  
Włodzimierz Jarmundowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Polymer Composition ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord ◽  
Degradation Rates

Highly porous, elastic, and degradable polyurethane and polyurethane/polylactide (PU/PLDL) sponges, in various shapes and sizes, with open interconnected pores, and porosity up to 90% have been manufactured. They have been intended for gap filling in the injured spinal cord. The porosity of the sponges depended on the content of polylactide, i.e., it decreased with the increase of polylactide content. The rise of polylactide content caused an increase of Young modulus and rigidity as well as a more complex morphology of the polyurethane/polylactide blends. The mechanical properties, in vitro toxicity, and degradation in artificial cerebrospinal fluid were tested. Sponges underwent continuous degradation with varying degradation rates depending on the polymer composition. In vitro cell studies with fibroblast cultures proved the biocompatibility of the polymers. Based on the obtained results, the designed PU/PLDL sponges appeared to be promising candidates for bridging gaps within injured spinal cord in further in vitro and in vivo studies.

A Novel In Vitro Approach for Studying the Segmental Motor System

Physiology ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 249-253
Author(s):  
H-R Luscher ◽  
J Streit
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Culture System ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Organotypic Culture ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Spinal Cord Dorsal ◽  
Vitro Model

An organotypic culture system of rat spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, and skeletal muscle is presented that develops and preserves many structural and functional properties of the in vivo spinal cord. This in vitro model enlarges the methodological repertoire of mammalian spinal cord physiology and is ideally suited for studying developmental aspects.

scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury as a Model of Bone-Muscle Interactions: Therapeutic Implications From in vitro and in vivo Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Invernizzi ◽  
Alessandro de Sire ◽  
Filippo Renò ◽  
Carlo Cisari ◽  
Letterio Runza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cord Injury

Neuroepithelial cells in the rat spinal cord express glutamate decarboxylase immunoreactivity in vivo and in vitro

1992 ◽  
Vol 325 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Ma ◽  
Toby Behar ◽  
Dragan Maric ◽  
Irina Maric ◽  
Jeffery L. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Glutamate Decarboxylase ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuroepithelial Cells

Coapplication of noisy patterned electrical stimuli and NMDA plus serotonin facilitates fictive locomotion in the rat spinal cord

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 2977-2990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Dose ◽  
Giuliano Taccola
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Fictive Locomotion ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Locomotor Patterns ◽  
Vitro Model

A new stimulating protocol [fictive locomotion-induced stimulation (FL istim)], consisting of intrinsically variable weak waveforms applied to a single dorsal root is very effective (though not optimal as it eventually wanes away) in activating the locomotor program of the isolated rat spinal cord. The present study explored whether combination of FL istim with low doses of pharmacological agents that raise network excitability might further improve the functional outcome, using this in vitro model. FL istim was applied together with N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) + serotonin, while fictive locomotion (FL) was electrophysiologically recorded from lumbar ventral roots. Superimposing FL istim on FL evoked by these neurochemicals persistently accelerated locomotor-like cycles to a set periodicity and modulated cycle amplitude depending on FL istim rate. Trains of stereotyped rectangular pulses failed to replicate this phenomenon. The GABAB agonist baclofen dose dependently inhibited, in a reversible fashion, FL evoked by either FL istim or square pulses. Sustained episodes of FL emerged when FL istim was delivered, at an intensity subthreshold for FL, in conjunction with subthreshold pharmacological stimulation. Such an effect was, however, not found when high potassium solution instead of NMDA + serotonin was used. These results suggest that the combined action of subthreshold FL istim (e.g., via epidural stimulation) and neurochemicals should be tested in vivo to improve locomotor rehabilitation after injury. In fact, reactivation of spinal locomotor circuits by conventional electrical stimulation of afferent fibers is difficult, while pharmacological activation of spinal networks is clinically impracticable due to concurrent unwanted effects. We speculate that associating subthreshold chemical and electrical inputs might decrease side effects when attempting to evoke human locomotor patterns.

Acetylcholine Stimulates the Release of Nitric Oxide from Rat Spinal Cord

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin Xu ◽  
Chuanyao Tong ◽  
James C. Eisenach
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Anatomic Localization

Background Acetylcholine causes synthesis of nitric oxide in vascular endothelium, and presumptive evidence in vivo suggests spinally released acetylcholine causes antinociception and increased sympathetic nervous system activity via a nitric oxide mechanism. The purpose of this study was to determine, using a recently described bioassay system, whether acetylcholine stimulates nitric oxide release from spinal cord tissue in vitro. Methods Rat thoracolumbar spinal cord slices were incubated in a tissue chamber and perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The perfusate was then passed through endotheliumdenuded rat aortic rings and their tension was measured. Vascular rings were preconstricted with phenylephrine, then were exposed to spinal cord perfusate with increasing concentrations (10(-12)-10(-4)M) of acetylcholine alone or with various antagonists. Results Acetylcholine perfusion of spinal tissue caused concentration-dependent relaxations of the aortic rings, an effect blocked by each of the muscarinic antagonists, atropine, pirenzepine, and AFDX-116. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation also was antagonized by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (N-methyl-L-arginine), a nitric oxide scavenger (hemoglobin) and an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (methylene blue). Conclusions These results demonstrate release of a vasorelaxant from spinal cord tissue by acetylcholine, which results from an action on muscarinic receptors and exhibits a pharmacology consistent with nitric oxide. Although precise anatomic localization of acetylcholine's action is not possible with this system, these results add to evidence that acetylcholine causes nitric oxide synthesis in the spinal cord.

The action of quinolinate in the rat spinal cord in vitro

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2483-2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. K. Magnuson ◽  
M. J. Peet ◽  
K. Curry ◽  
H. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Bathing Medium ◽  
Amino Acid Receptors ◽  
Dorsal Horn Neurones ◽  
Medium Dose

The responses of dorsal horn neurones to the excitatory amino acids quisqualate, kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and quinolinate have been examined in an in vitro preparation of the rat spinal cord. The antagonism of these responses by iontophoretically applied D-(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (DAPV), kynurenate, and acridinate was tested, and the results were compared with data obtained from the spinal cord in vivo. The pattern of antagonism was similar in both preparations, although the potencies of agonists and antagonists were found to be significantly greater in vitro. The antagonism of amino acid induced firing of neurones was also recorded during the application of DAPV and kynurenate in the bathing medium. Dose–response curves and IC50 values were determined for these antagonists against all four agonists. The responses to quinolinate were antagonized differently from those to NMDA, quisqualate, or kainate, suggesting that quinolinate does not act specifically through the NMDA receptor as it does in other regions, nor does it appear to act via two or more of the three archetypal amino acid receptors. These findings suggest that a fourth amino acid receptor responsible for quinolinate's action in the spinal cord may exist.

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