The effect of target size and inertial load on the control of rapid aiming movements

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Michael I. Garry ◽  
I. M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Target Size ◽  
Inertial Load ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements

On-Line versus Off-Line Control of Rapid Aiming Movements

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Blouin ◽  
C. Bard ◽  
N. Teasdale ◽  
M. Fleury
Keyword(s):  
Aiming Movements ◽  
On Line ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements

Programming strategies for rapid aiming movements under simple and choice reaction time conditions

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Gavin P. Lawrence ◽  
Eric Buckolz ◽  
Ian M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements

Separate Sources of Spatial Information for Distance and Location in Rapid Aiming Movements

Motor Control ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Khan ◽  
Trevor Hale ◽  
Michael I. Carry ◽  
Ian M. Franks
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Information ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements

Three-Dimensional Movement Trajectories in Fitts' Task: Implications for Control

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. MacKenzie ◽  
R. G. Marteniuk ◽  
C. Dugas ◽  
D. Liske ◽  
B. Eickmeier
Keyword(s):  
Movement Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Velocity Profiles ◽  
Target Size ◽  
Movement Amplitude ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Movement Trajectories ◽  
Resultant Velocity ◽  
Family Of Curves ◽  
Index Of Difficulty

According to Fitts (1954), movement time (MT) is a function of the combined effects of movement amplitude and target width (index of difficulty). Aiming movements with the same index of difficulty and MT may have different planning and control processes depending on the specific combination of movement amplitude and target size. Trajectories were evaluated for a broad range of amplitudes and target sizes. A three-dimensional motion recording system (WATSMART) monitored the position of a stylus during aiming movements. MT results replicated Fitts’ Law. Analysis of the resultant velocity profiles indicated the following significant effects: As amplitude of movement increased, so did the time to peak resultant velocity; peak resultant velocity increased slightly with target size, and to a greater extent with increases in the amplitude of movement; the time after peak resultant velocity was a function of both amplitude and target size. Resultant velocity profiles were normalized in the time domain to look for scalar relation in the trajectory shape. This revealed that: the resultant velocity profiles were not symmetrical; the proportion of time spent prior to and after peak speed was sensitive to target size only, i.e. as target size decreased, the profiles became more skewed to the right, indicating a longer decelerative phase; for a given target size, a family of curves might be defined and scaled on movement amplitude. These results suggest that a generalized program (base trajectory representation) exists for a given target width and is parameterized or scaled according to the amplitude of movement.

The Processing Speed of Visual and Verbal Movement Information by Adults with and Without Down Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy N. Welsh ◽  
Digby Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Aiming Movements ◽  
Rapid Aiming Movements ◽  
Visual Conditions

Previous research has indicated that individuals with Down syndrome (DS) have difficulties processing auditory movement information relative to their peers with undifferentiated developmental disabilities. The present study was conducted to assess whether a model of atypical cerebral specialization could explain these findings. Thirteen adults with Down syndrome (8 men, 5 women), 14 adults with undifferentiated developmental disabilities (7 men, 7 women), and 14 adults without disabilities (8 men, 6 women) performed rapid aiming movements to targets under three conditions: a visual cue at the target location, a visual cue remote from the target location, or a verbal cue. Results revealed that, while the reaction times did not differ between the two groups with disabilities across conditions, the participants with DS, unlike their peers, had significantly longer movement times in the verbal than in two visual conditions. These results are consistent with the model of biological dissociation.

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