Source apportionment of gaseous atmospheric pollutants by means of an absolute principal component scores (APCS) receptor model

2001 ◽  
Vol 371 (8) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bruno ◽  
M. Caselli ◽  
G. de Gennaro ◽  
A. Traini
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Receptor Model ◽  
Component Scores

SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF FINE AIRBORNE PARTICULATE MATTER COLLECTED IN THE MEXICO CITY METROPOLITAN AREA

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. ALDAPE ◽  
J. FLORES M.
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Component Scores ◽  
Good Agreement

Samples of fine airborne particulate matter ( PM 2.0) have been collected at three sites located in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) during July, August, and September 2000. The elemental concentrations of these samples were determined by PIXE so that twelve elements ( S , Cl , K , Ca , Ti , Mn , Fe , Ni , Cu , Zn , Br and Pb ) were consistently detected. These results produced a database, which was statistically analysed; first by Principal Components so to identify the pollution sources, and, subsequently, by Absolute Principal Component Scores analysis in order to estimate the corresponding source apportionment contributions. Other elements such as V and Cr were also detected in around 20% of the samples and, therefore, they were not considered statistically significant. Thus, these elements, as well as some others found only occasionally and in the trace range, were left out of the discussion. All calculations were performed using a standard statistical package following the method developed by Thurston and Spengler. Four main pollution sources were identified and the source apportionments were found in good agreement with other estimations found in the literature. The results were obtained individually for the three sampling sites, but the complete results are presented for just one of the sites in order to simplify this presentation.

Using Principal Component Scores to Enhance the Validity and Reliability of Big Five Personality Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-93
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Cucina ◽  
Nicholas L. Vasilopoulos ◽  
Arwen H. DeCostanza
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Big Five Factors ◽  
Component Scores

Abstract. Varimax rotated principal component scores (VRPCS) have previously been offered as a possible solution to the non-orthogonality of scores for the Big Five factors. However, few researchers have examined the reliability and validity of VRPCS. To address this gap, we use a lab study and a field study to investigate whether using VRPCS increase orthogonality, reliability, and criterion-related validity. Compared to the traditional unit-weighting scoring method, the use of VRPCS enhanced the reliability and discriminant validity of the Big Five factors, although there was little improvement in criterion-related validity. Results are discussed in terms of the benefit of using VRPCS instead of traditional unit-weighted sum scores.

scholarly journals Fine particulate matter source apportionment using a hybrid chemical transport and receptor model approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 26657-26698
Author(s):  
Y. Hu ◽  
S. Balachandran ◽  
J. E. Pachon ◽  
J. Baek ◽  
C. Ivey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Hybrid Method ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Chemical Transport ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Receptor Model ◽  
Fine Particulate

Abstract. A hybrid fine particulate matter (PM2.5) source apportionment approach based on a receptor-model (RM) species balance and species specific source impacts from a chemical transport model (CTM) equipped with a sensitivity analysis tool is developed to provide physically- and chemically-consistent relationships between source emissions and receptor impacts. This hybrid approach enhances RM results by providing initial estimates of source impacts from a much larger number of sources than are typically used in RMs, and provides source-receptor relationships for secondary species. Further, the method addresses issues of source collinearities, and accounts for emissions uncertainties. Hybrid method results also provide information on the resulting source impact uncertainties. We apply this hybrid approach to conduct PM2.5 source apportionment at Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) sites across the US. Ambient PM2.5 concentrations at these receptor sites were apportioned to 33 separate sources. Hybrid method results led to large changes of impacts from CTM estimates for sources such as dust, woodstove, and other biomass burning sources, but limited changes to others. The refinements reduced the differences between CTM-simulated and observed concentrations of individual PM2.5 species by over 98% when using a weighted least squared error minimization. The rankings of source impacts changed from the initial estimates, revealing that CTM-only results should be evaluated with observations. Assessment with RM results at six US locations showed that the hybrid results differ somewhat from commonly resolved sources. The hybrid method also resolved sources that typical RM methods do not capture without extra measurement information on unique tracers. The method can be readily applied to large domains and long (such as multi-annual) time periods to provide source impact estimates for management- and health-related studies.

A comparison between two receptor models to determine the source apportionment of atmospheric pollutants

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Caselli ◽  
Gianluigi de Gennaro ◽  
Pierina Ielpo
Keyword(s):  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Receptor Models
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