Comparison of the effects of isoproterenol administered into the hippocampus, frontal cortex, or amygdala on behavior of rats maintained by differential reinforcement of low response rate

2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Ting Zhang ◽  
Sandra A. Frith ◽  
John Wilkins ◽  
James M. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Differential Reinforcement ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

scholarly journals The rat medial frontal cortex controls pace, but not breakpoint, in a progressive ratio licking task

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kyra Swanson ◽  
Hannah Goldbach ◽  
Mark Laubach
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Progressive Ratio ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Medial Frontal Cortex ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Outcome Monitoring ◽  
Contrast Response ◽  
To Receive

The medial frontal cortex (MFC) is crucial for selecting actions and evaluating their outcomes. Outcome monitoring may be triggered by the rostral part of MFC, which contains neurons that are modulated by reward consumption and is necessary for the expression of relative reward value. Here, we examined if the MFC further has a role in the control of instrumental licking. We used a progressive ratio licking task in which rats had to make increasing numbers of licks to receive liquid sucrose rewards. We determined what measures of progressive ratio performance are sensitive to value by testing rats with rewards containing 0-16% sucrose. We found some measures (e.g. breakpoint, number of licking bouts) were sensitive to sucrose concentration and others (e.g. response rate, duration of licking bouts) were not. Then, we examined the effects of reversibly inactivating rostral (medial orbital) and caudal (prelimbic) parts of the MFC. We were surprised to find that inactivation had no effects on measures associated with value (e.g. breakpoint). Instead, inactivation altered behavioral measures associated with the pace of task performance (response rate and time to break). These effects depended on where inactivations were made. Response rates increased and the time to break decreased when the caudal prelimbic area was inactivated. By contrast, response rates decreased and the time to break increased when the rostral medial orbital cortex was inactivated. Our findings suggest that the medial frontal cortex has a role in maintaining task engagement, but not in the motivational control of action, in the progressive ratio licking task.

Additional Comment on the Stimulus Train Adjusting Behavior of Rats Controlled by ICSS

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 923-924
Author(s):  
S. Thomas Elder ◽  
Murray S. Work
Keyword(s):  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Additional Comment ◽  
Total Energy Input ◽  
Stimulus Train ◽  
Behavior Of Rats

Data from nine rats, which could regulate total energy input by adjusting response rate and/or duration, indicate that Ss do not tend to regulate response rate or response duration in a manner that would keep energy input per unit time or per response constant.

Oligodendrocytes in Developing Hameter Cerebral Cortex

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
MB. Tank Buschmann
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Sodium Cacodylate ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Layer V ◽  
Adult Hamster

Development of oligodendrocytes in rat corpus callosum was described as a sequential change in cytoplasmic density which progressed from light to medium to dark (1). In rat optic nerve, changes in cytoplasmic density were not observed, but significant changes in morphology occurred just prior to and during myelination (2). In our study, the ultrastructural development of oligodendrocytes was studied in newborn, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-day and adult frontal cortex of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).Young and adult hamster brains were perfused with paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.3 according to the method of Peters (3). Tissue samples of layer V of the frontal cortex were post-fixed in 2% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Epon-Araldite resin.

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