Effects of smoking/nicotine on performance and event-related potentials during a short-term memory scanning task

2001 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 388-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Houlihan ◽  
John Robinson ◽  
Walter Pritchard
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Scanning Task ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Abnormalities of Early “Memory-Scanning” Event-Related Potentials in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grippo ◽  
L. Pelosi ◽  
M. Holly ◽  
M. Hayward ◽  
G. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Related Potentials

We have recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) evoked by the “memory-scanning” (digit-probe identification/matching) paradigm that was originally described by Sternberg (1966), in 17 patients with complex partial seizures (temporal lobe epilepsy) and in 17 matched healthy control subjects. The patients, who had all complained spontaneously of memory difficulties, had significantly reduced scores on psychological tests of memory with relatively intact digit span and cognition. Their performance of the memory-scanning task was characterized by a higher error rate, longer reaction times and an increased slope of the reaction time/set size relationship. The associated ERPs in both patients and controls showed there were significant effects of memory load on several major components, but only a reduced amplitude of the N170 and a prolonged latency of the N290 waves distinguished the patients. In addition, the N170 wave in the patients decreased further as memory load increased. The prolonged N290 latency in the patients appeared to reflect the slowed processing time. This study has shown that ERPs generated by a short-term memory task are abnormal in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy who have neuropsychologically documented cognitive and memory deficits. Some of the significant waveform alterations occur earlier than those reported in previous ERP studies and provide electrophysiological support for the hypothesis that abnormalities of the early stages of short-term memory processing may contribute to the memory difficulties experienced by patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

scholarly journals The diffusion model of reaction time for recent negative probes

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
B.B. Velichkovsky ◽  
F.R. Sultanova ◽  
D.V. Tatarinov ◽  
A.A. Kachina
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Drift Rate ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Memory Scanning ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cognitive Representations ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Scanning Task

The study investigates the problem of information displacement from short-term memory. In two experiments, reaction times for recent negative probes were analyzed in the Sternberg’s memory scanning task. The diffusion model of reaction times was used with parameters estimated with the fast-dm software. It was found (experiment 1) that recent negative probes are characterized by a reduction in the speed of information accumulation (drift rate). This suggests residual activation of irrelevant cognitive representation in memory after they have been displaced from short-term memory. It was also found (experiment 2) that negative probes semantically related to items in a preceding target set (semantic recent negative probes) are characterized by a similar decrease in the drift rate. This suggests activation spreading from irrelevant cognitive representations displaced from short-term memory along semantic connections and identifies activated long-term memory as the target of information displacement from short-term memory. Additional mechanisms of short-term memory scanning (negative priming and dynamic decision thresholds) are discussed.

scholarly journals Feature-based and object-based attention orientation during short-term memory maintenance

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 3036-3038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Ku
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Feature Based

Top-down attention biases the short-term memory (STM) processing at multiple stages. Orienting attention during the maintenance period of STM by a retrospective cue (retro-cue) strengthens the representation of the cued item and improves the subsequent STM performance. In a recent article, Backer et al. (Backer KC, Binns MA, Alain C. J Neurosci 35: 1307–1318, 2015) extended these findings from the visual to the auditory domain and combined electroencephalography to dissociate neural mechanisms underlying feature-based and object-based attention orientation. Both event-related potentials and neural oscillations explained the behavioral benefits of retro-cues and favored the theory that feature-based and object-based attention orientation were independent.

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