Effects of clozapine, thioridazine, risperidone and haloperidol on behavioral tests related to extrapyramidal motor function

1997 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Trevitt ◽  
Maureen Lyons ◽  
Juliet Aberman ◽  
Debra Carriero ◽  
Marianne Finn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Extrapyramidal Motor

scholarly journals Anti–Na+/K+-ATPase immunotherapy ameliorates α-synuclein pathology through activation of Na+/K+-ATPase α1–dependent autophagy

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. eabc5062
Author(s):  
Lei Cao ◽  
Siping Xiong ◽  
Zhiyuan Wu ◽  
Lei Ding ◽  
Yebo Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Therapeutic Strategy ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) plays important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Conversely, reduced NKA activity has been reported in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the function of NKA in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we report that reduction of NKA activity in NKAα1+/− mice aggravates α-synuclein–induced pathology, including a reduction in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and deficits in behavioral tests for memory, learning, and motor function. To reverse this effect, we generated an NKA-stabilizing monoclonal antibody, DR5-12D, against the DR region (897DVEDSYGQQWTYEQR911) of the NKAα1 subunit. We demonstrate that DR5-12D can ameliorate α-synuclein–induced TH loss and behavioral deficits by accelerating α-synuclein degradation in neurons. The underlying mechanism for the beneficial effects of DR5-12D involves activation of NKAα1-dependent autophagy via increased AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway signaling. Cumulatively, this work demonstrates that NKA activity is neuroprotective and that pharmacological activation of this pathway represents a new therapeutic strategy for PD.

scholarly journals Battery of behavioral tests in mice that models age-associated changes in human motor function

AGE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie N. Justice ◽  
Christy S. Carter ◽  
Hannah J. Beck ◽  
Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan ◽  
Matthew McQueen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Human Motor

scholarly journals Effect of Hypothermia by JZL-184 on Muscle Strength and Sensory-Motor Dysfunction in Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Ischemia Model in Male Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Rahmani ◽  
Mohammad Allahtavakoli
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Sensory Motor

Introduction: Currently, there is no effective and comprehensive treatment for ischemic stroke. There is strong clinical evidence for the benefits of hypothermia in neuroprotection. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the effect of mild non-invasive hypothermia by JZL-184 on behavioral improvement in stroke rats. Methods: This study was performed on 5 groups of male mice weighing 25-30 g. The groups were as follows: 1- Healthy group 2- Control group (Stroke) 3- Stroke + DMSO solvent 4- Stroke + Aspirin (40mg /kg) 5- Stroke + JZL-184 (16mg / kg) (n = 8 per group). The drugs were injected intraperitoneally immediately after the stroke. At the times before (time zero) and at 5, 24 and 48 h after stroke induction, body temperature, behavioral testing, including muscle strength and sensory-motor dysfunction were measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 18 software and Two-way ANOVA test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: JZL-184 decreased body temperature at 5, 24 and 48 hours compared to intact and control groups (p <0.001). Injection JZL-184 and Aspirin improved muscle strength and sensory-motor function (p <0.001) compared to the control group. Aspirin also improved behavioral tests compared to the control group (p <0.01), but did not show any effect on the body temperature compared to the intact group at time 48. Only in JZL-184 group, the behavioral tests score was similar to the intact group at the 48 h after stroke. Conclusion: JZL-184 may have been able to improve neuronal function by hypothermia induced by the agonist effects of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), thereby improving muscle strength and sensory-motor function after cerebral ischemia.

Alterations in the number of motoneurons containing immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)& choline acetyltransferase(ChAT) in the cervical spinal cord of the wobbler mouse during the development of the motoneuron disease

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 970-971
Author(s):  
L. Vacca-Galloway ◽  
Y.Q. Zhang ◽  
P. Bose ◽  
S.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Reflex Response ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Wobbler Mouse ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Stage 1

The Wobbler mouse (wr) has been studied as a model for inherited human motoneuron diseases (MNDs). Using behavioral tests for forelimb power, walking, climbing, and the “clasp-like reflex” response, the progress of the MND can be categorized into early (Stage 1, age 21 days) and late (Stage 4, age 3 months) stages. Age-and sex-matched normal phenotype littermates (NFR/wr) were used as controls (Stage 0), as well as mice from two related wild-type mouse strains: NFR/N and a C57BI/6N. Using behavioral tests, we also detected pre-symptomatic Wobblers at postnatal ages 7 and 14 days. The mice were anesthetized and perfusion-fixed for immunocytochemical (ICC) of CGRP and ChAT in the spinal cord (C3 to C5).Using computerized morphomety (Vidas, Zeiss), the numbers of IR-CGRP labelled motoneurons were significantly lower in 14 day old Wobbler specimens compared with the controls (Fig. 1). The same trend was observed at 21 days (Stage 1) and 3 months (Stage 4). The IR-CGRP-containing motoneurons in the Wobbler specimens declined progressively with age.

Prevalence of Speech Problems and the Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Children With Cerebral Palsy: A Registry-Based Study in Norway

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guro Andersen ◽  
Tone R. Mjøen ◽  
Torstein Vik
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Gross Motor Function ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract This study describes the prevalence of speech problems and the use of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) in children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Norway. Information on the communicative abilities of 564 children with CP born 1996–2003, recorded in the Norwegian CP Registry, was collected. A total of 270 children (48%) had normal speech, 90 (16%) had slightly indistinct speech, 52 (9%) had indistinct speech, 35 (6%) had very indistinct speech, 110 children (19%) had no speech, and 7 (1%) were unknown. Speech problems were most common in children with dyskinetic CP (92 %), in children with the most severe gross motor function impairments and among children being totally dependent on assistance in feeding or tube-fed children. A higher proportion of children born at term had speech problems when compared with children born before 32 weeks of gestational age 32 (p > 0.001). Among the 197 children with speech problems only, 106 (54%) used AAC in some form. Approximately 20% of children had no verbal speech, whereas ~15% had significant speech problems. Among children with either significant speech problems or no speech, only 54% used AAC in any form.

Effect of fatty meal on pyloric motor function and transpyloric flow

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A288-A288
Author(s):  
N PALLOTTA ◽  
F BACCINI ◽  
E CALABRESE
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Fatty Meal ◽  
Transpyloric Flow
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