A sulfate-reducing bacterium from the oxic layer of a microbial mat from Solar Lake (Sinai), Desulfovibrio oxyclinae sp. nov.

1997 ◽  
Vol 167 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Krekeler ◽  
Pavel Sigalevich ◽  
A. Teske ◽  
H. Cypionka ◽  
Yehuda Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Solar Lake

scholarly journals High Rates of Sulfate Reduction in a Low-Sulfate Hot Spring Microbial Mat Are Driven by a Low Level of Diversity of Sulfate-Respiring Microorganisms

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (16) ◽  
pp. 5218-5226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Dillon ◽  
Susan Fishbain ◽  
Scott R. Miller ◽  
Brad M. Bebout ◽  
Kirsten S. Habicht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Carbon Limitation ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Photosynthetic Oxygen ◽  
Reduced Activity

ABSTRACT The importance of sulfate respiration in the microbial mat found in the low-sulfate thermal outflow of Mushroom Spring in Yellowstone National Park was evaluated using a combination of molecular, microelectrode, and radiotracer studies. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, this mat community was shown to sustain a highly active sulfur cycle. The highest rates of sulfate respiration were measured close to the surface of the mat late in the day when photosynthetic oxygen production ceased and were associated with a Thermodesulfovibrio-like population. Reduced activity at greater depths was correlated with novel populations of sulfate-reducing microorganisms, unrelated to characterized species, and most likely due to both sulfate and carbon limitation.

scholarly journals Deposition of Biogenic Iron Minerals in a Methane Oxidizing Microbial Mat

Archaea ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Wrede ◽  
Sebastian Kokoschka ◽  
Anne Dreier ◽  
Christina Heller ◽  
Joachim Reitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Biogenic Iron

The syntrophic community between anaerobic methanotrophic archaea and sulfate reducing bacteria forms thick, black layers within multi-layered microbial mats in chimney-like carbonate concretions of methane seeps located in the Black Sea Crimean shelf. The microbial consortium conducts anaerobic oxidation of methane, which leads to the formation of mainly two biomineral by-products, calcium carbonates and iron sulfides, building up these chimneys. Iron sulfides are generated by the microbial reduction of oxidized sulfur compounds in the microbial mats. Here we show that sulfate reducing bacteria deposit biogenic iron sulfides extra- and intracellularly, the latter in magnetosome-like chains. These chains appear to be stable after cell lysis and tend to attach to cell debris within the microbial mat. The particles may be important nuclei for larger iron sulfide mineral aggregates.

scholarly journals Lipid composition of the microbial mat from a hypersaline environment (Vermelha Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
TAIS FREITAS DA SILVA ◽  
SINDA BEATRIZ CARVALHAL GOMES ◽  
FREDERICO SOBRINHO DA SILVA ◽  
KSENIJA STOJANOVIĆ ◽  
ROSANE NORA CASTRO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Hypersaline Environment ◽  
Purple Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfur Bacteria ◽  
Different Color

Abstract This study determines organic-matter (OM) composition in the different color layers of a stratified hypersaline microbial mat and verifies the hypothesis that each layer includes a distinct group of lipids. The relation of precursor lipids from the microbial mat to the hydrocarbon composition in fossil records was also evaluated. To that end, the composition was studied of glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids (PLs), and “neutral” lipids (NLs, including hydrocarbons, n-alkanols, sterols, hopanols, free fatty acids, and wax esters) in four different color layers (A–D; depth intervals: up to 0.5 cm, 0.5–1.0 cm, 1.5–3.0 cm, and 3.0–6.0 cm, respectively) of a stratified hypersaline mat from the Vermelha Lagoon, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Microscopic characterization revealed the presence of 16 cyanobacterial morphospecies, with predominance of Microcoleus chthonoplastes. The notable prevalence of saturated straight-chain fatty acids (FAs), n-16:0 and n-18:0 and their monounsaturated counterparts, n-16:1 and n-18:1 in all three lipid fractions (GLs, PLs, and NLs), associated with the domination of n-C17 alkane and n-C17:1 alkene among the hydrocarbons confirmed the main imprint of cyanobacteria. The composition of the studied lipid classes implies the contribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria such as Desulfomicrobium sp. strain, purple sulfur bacteria, as well as the possible input of Geobacter spp. and Desulfovibrio spp., particularly in the deeper layers. The notable decrease in total extractable lipids (TELs) yield from layers A to D indicates that lipid synthesis is far more intense by photosynthesizing cyanobacteria than by anaerobic microorganisms. The content of PLs was uniform and low (< 5%) in all layers, implying their extremely quick degradation. GLs, followed by NLs, were the most abundant in all layers indicating the medium, which is characterized by carbon source excess and limited nitrogen source, which regulates microorganism growth. The upper layers, A (green) and B (reddish-brown) differ from those lower, C (dark brown greenish) and D (brown) according to the NLs/GLs ratio, which is higher in the former. The lipid compositions reveal distinctions between the individual layers in the microbial mat. The observed layers clearly differ according to the amount of high-molecular-weight (C22–C31) n-alkanes and long-chain (C21–C30) n-alkanols, the content of phytol, bishomohopanol, tetrahymanol, C27–C29 sterols, the stanol/stenol ratio in the neutral lipid fraction, as well as the content of branched (iso and anteiso) FAs and w9/w7 FA ratio in the GLs fraction. The mentioned parameters imply a greater contribution of sulfate-reducing and purple sulfur bacteria to layer B, higher impact of photosynthetic red algae in upper layers A and B, the elevated contribution of marine ciliate species, feeding on bacteria to layers B and C, as well as the increment of anoxygenic phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria to layer D. The greatest capability for the synthesis of hydrocarbons is observed in layer B. The composition of lipid classes in the microbial mat showed a significant relationship with the most important biomarkers' fingerprints in the source rocks extracts and petroleum derived from the carbonate hypersaline environments, including the distribution of n-alkanes, a high abundance of phytane and gammacerane, as well as a distribution of C27–C29 regular steranes. Therefore, these results offer an insight into the transformation of microbial OM during the sedimentation processes in a hypersaline environment and its contribution to the fossil record.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Lipid Biosynthesis in an Anaerobically Methane-Oxidizing Microbial Mat

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 4345-4351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Blumenberg ◽  
Richard Seifert ◽  
Katja Nauhaus ◽  
Thomas Pape ◽  
Walter Michaelis
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Anaerobic Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Methane Cycle ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Lipid Compounds

ABSTRACT The anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is a key process in the global methane cycle, and the majority of methane formed in marine sediments is oxidized in this way. Here we present results of an in vitro 13CH4 labeling study (δ13CH4, ∼5,400‰) in which microorganisms that perform AOM in a microbial mat from the Black Sea were used. During 316 days of incubation, the 13C uptake into the mat biomass increased steadily, and there were remarkable differences for individual bacterial and archaeal lipid compounds. The greatest shifts were observed for bacterial fatty acids (e.g., hexadec-11-enoic acid [16:1Δ11]; difference between the δ13C at the start and the end of the experiment [Δδ13Cstart-end], ∼160‰). In contrast, bacterial glycerol diethers exhibited only slight changes in δ13C (Δδ13Cstart-end, ∼10‰). Differences were also found for individual archaeal lipids. Relatively high uptake of methane-derived carbon was observed for archaeol (Δδ13Cstart-end, ∼25‰), a monounsaturated archaeol, and biphytanes, whereas for sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol there was considerably less change in the δ13C (Δδ13Cstart-end, ∼2‰). Moreover, an increase in the uptake of 13C for compounds with a higher number of double bonds within a suite of polyunsaturated 2,6,10,15,19-pentamethyleicosenes indicated that in methanotrophic archaea there is a biosynthetic pathway similar to that proposed for methanogenic archaea. The presence of group-specific biomarkers (for ANME-1 and ANME-2 associations) and the observation that there were differences in 13C uptake into specific lipid compounds confirmed that multiple phylogenetically distinct microorganisms participate to various extents in biomass formation linked to AOM. However, the greater 13C uptake into the lipids of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) than into the lipids of archaea supports the hypothesis that there is autotrophic growth of SRB on small methane-derived carbon compounds supplied by the methane oxidizers.

scholarly journals Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Their Activities in Cyanobacterial Mats of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt)

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 2943-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Teske ◽  
Niels B. Ramsing ◽  
Kirsten Habicht ◽  
Manabu Fukui ◽  
Jan Küver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Mat ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Solar Lake ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

ABSTRACT The sulfate-reducing bacteria within the surface layer of the hypersaline cyanobacterial mat of Solar Lake (Sinai, Egypt) were investigated with combined microbiological, molecular, and biogeochemical approaches. The diurnally oxic surface layer contained between 106 and 107 cultivable sulfate-reducing bacteria ml−1 and showed sulfate reduction rates between 1,000 and 2,200 nmol ml−1 day−1, both in the same range as and sometimes higher than those in anaerobic deeper mat layers. In the oxic surface layer and in the mat layers below, filamentous sulfate-reducing Desulfonema bacteria were found in variable densities of 104 to 106cells ml−1. A Desulfonema-related, diurnally migrating bacterium was detected with PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis within and below the oxic surface layer. Facultative aerobic respiration, filamentous morphology, motility, diurnal migration, and aggregate formation were the most conspicuous adaptations of Solar Lake sulfate-reducing bacteria to the mat matrix and to diurnal oxygen stress. A comparison of sulfate reduction rates within the mat and previously published photosynthesis rates showed that CO2 from sulfate reduction in the upper 5 mm accounted for 7 to 8% of the total photosynthetic CO2 demand of the mat.

Methanogenic and Sulfate-Reducing Activities in a Hypersaline Microbial Mat and Associated Microbial Diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Cadena ◽  
José Q. García-Maldonado ◽  
Nguyen E. López-Lozano ◽  
Francisco J. Cervantes
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Microbial Mat ◽  
Sulfate Reducing
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