O 2 -Sensing and O 2 -dependent gene regulation in facultatively anaerobic bacteria

1995 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Unden ◽  
S. Becker ◽  
J. Bongaerts ◽  
G. Holighaus ◽  
J. Schirawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

O2-Sensing and O2-dependent gene regulation in facultatively anaerobic bacteria

1995 ◽  
Vol 164 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Unden ◽  
S. Becker ◽  
J. Bongaerts ◽  
G. Holighaus ◽  
J. Schirawski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
O2 Sensing

Chemical Constituents of Halophilic Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria, 1

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1950-1954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiong Fu ◽  
Francis J. Schmitz ◽  
Ralph S. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

scholarly journals An Aerobic Hybrid Phthalate Degradation Pathway via Phthaloyl-Coenzyme A in Denitrifying Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Ebenau-Jehle ◽  
Christina I. S. L. Soon ◽  
Jonathan Fuchs ◽  
Robin Geiger ◽  
Matthias Boll
Keyword(s):  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Phthalic Acid Esters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Oxygen Sensitive ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

ABSTRACT The degradation of the xenobiotic phthalic acid esters by microorganisms is initiated by the hydrolysis to the respective alcohols and ortho-phthalate (hereafter, phthalate). In aerobic bacteria and fungi, oxygenases are involved in the conversion of phthalate to protocatechuate, the substrate for ring-cleaving dioxygenases. In contrast, anaerobic bacteria activate phthalate to the extremely unstable phthaloyl-coenzyme A (CoA), which is decarboxylated by oxygen-sensitive UbiD-like phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase (PCD) to the central benzoyl-CoA intermediate. Here, we demonstrate that the facultatively anaerobic, denitrifying Thauera chlorobenzoica 3CB-1 and Aromatoleum evansii KB740 strains use phthalate as a growth substrate under aerobic and denitrifying conditions. In vitro assays with extracts from cells grown aerobically with phthalate demonstrated the succinyl-CoA-dependent activation of phthalate followed by decarboxylation to benzoyl-CoA. In T. chlorobenzoica 3CB-1, we identified PCD as a highly abundant enzyme in both aerobically and anaerobically grown cells, whereas genes for phthalate dioxygenases are missing in the genome. PCD was highly enriched from aerobically grown T. chlorobenzoica cells and was identified as an identical enzyme produced under denitrifying conditions. These results indicate that the initial steps of aerobic phthalate degradation in denitrifying bacteria are accomplished by the anaerobic enzyme inventory, whereas the benzoyl-CoA oxygenase-dependent pathway is used for further conversion to central intermediates. Such a hybrid pathway requires intracellular oxygen homeostasis at concentrations low enough to prevent PCD inactivation but sufficiently high to supply benzoyl-CoA oxygenase with its cosubstrate. IMPORTANCE Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are industrially produced on a million-ton scale per year and are predominantly used as plasticizers. They are classified as environmentally relevant xenobiotics with a number of adverse health effects, including endocrine-disrupting activity. Biodegradation by microorganisms is considered the most effective process to eliminate PAEs from the environment. It is usually initiated by the hydrolysis of PAEs to alcohols and o-phthalic acid. Degradation of o-phthalic acid fundamentally differs in aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms; aerobic phthalate degradation heavily depends on dioxygenase-dependent reactions, whereas anaerobic degradation employs the oxygen-sensitive key enzyme phthaloyl-CoA decarboxylase. We demonstrate that aerobic phthalate degradation in facultatively anaerobic bacteria proceeds via a previously unknown hybrid degradation pathway involving oxygen-sensitive and oxygen-dependent key enzymes. Such a strategy is essential for facultatively anaerobic bacteria that frequently switch between oxic and anoxic environments.

The activity of metronidazole against facultatively anaerobic bacteria

1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Ingham ◽  
C. J. Hall ◽  
Penelope R. Sisson ◽  
Danka Tharagonnet ◽  
J. B. Selkon
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

N2-fixing vibrios isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of sea urchins

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Guerinot ◽  
D. G. Patriquin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Strongylocentrotus Droebachiensis ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vibrio Genus ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

Facultatively anaerobic bacteria, capable of fixing N2 anaerobically or at low O2 concentrations, were isolated from the gastrointestinal tracts of temperate (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and tropical (Tripneustes ventricosus) sea urchins. Morphological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the guanine plus cytosine content of their DNA (45.9 and 48.4 mol%), place these isolates in the genus Vibrio Pacini 1865 in the family Vibrionaceae. Members of this family have not previously been shown to fix N2. These isolates are not identical to any described species in the Vibrio genus and can be distinguished by a combination of biochemical and physiological traits.

scholarly journals Did silicon aid in the establishment of the first bacterium?

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Wainwright ◽  
K. Al-Wajeeh ◽  
N.C. Wickramasinghe ◽  
J.V. Narlikar
Keyword(s):  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Soil Extracts ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Bacterial Inoculum ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria

Silicic acid increased numbers of both aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria in ultrapure water incubated under strict oligotrophic conditions; soil extracts acted as the bacterial inoculum. The results are discussed in relation to the possibility that silicic acid, produced by the hydrolysis of silicates on the early Earth, could have stimulated the growth of the first bacterium, thereby allowing it to become established in the then prevailing conditions (presumed to be oligotrophic).

scholarly journals Cultivation of Anaerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria from Spacecraft-Associated Clean Rooms

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 3484-3491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stieglmeier ◽  
Reinhard Wirth ◽  
Gerhard Kminek ◽  
Christine Moissl-Eichinger
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic ◽  
Rich Media ◽  
Biodiversity Study ◽  
Assembly Operations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Autotrophic Microorganisms

ABSTRACT In the course of this biodiversity study, the cultivable microbial community of European spacecraft-associated clean rooms and the Herschel Space Observatory located therein were analyzed during routine assembly operations. Here, we focused on microorganisms capable of growing without oxygen. Anaerobes play a significant role in planetary protection considerations since extraterrestrial environments like Mars probably do not provide enough oxygen for fully aerobic microbial growth. A broad assortment of anaerobic media was used in our cultivation strategies, which focused on microorganisms with special metabolic skills. The majority of the isolated strains grew on anaerobic, complex, nutrient-rich media. Autotrophic microorganisms or microbes capable of fixing nitrogen were also cultivated. A broad range of facultatively anaerobic bacteria was detected during this study and also, for the first time, some strictly anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium and Propionibacterium) were isolated from spacecraft-associated clean rooms. The multiassay cultivation approach was the basis for the detection of several bacteria that had not been cultivated from these special environments before and also led to the discovery of two novel microbial species of Pseudomonas and Paenibacillus.

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