Changes in the cell wall glycoprotein composition of Candida albicans associated to the inhibition of germ tube formation by EDTA

1994 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-494
Author(s):  
M. L. Gil ◽  
M. Casanova ◽  
J. P. Mart�nez
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Formation

scholarly journals CAP1, an Adenylate Cyclase-Associated Protein Gene, Regulates Bud-Hypha Transitions, Filamentous Growth, and Cyclic AMP Levels and Is Required for Virulence of Candida albicans

2001 ◽  
Vol 183 (10) ◽  
pp. 3211-3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sun Bahn ◽  
Paula Sundstrom
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Filamentous Growth ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Camp Signaling ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Camp Levels

ABSTRACT In response to a wide variety of environmental stimuli, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans exits the budding cycle, producing germ tubes and hyphae concomitant with expression of virulence genes, such as that encoding hyphal wall protein 1 (HWP1). Biochemical studies implicate cyclic AMP (cAMP) increases in promoting bud-hypha transitions, but genetic evidence relating genes that control cAMP levels to bud-hypha transitions has not been reported. Adenylate cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) of nonpathogenic fungi interact with Ras and adenylate cyclase to increase cAMP levels under specific environmental conditions. To initiate studies on the relationship between cAMP signaling and bud-hypha transitions in C. albicans, we identified, cloned, characterized, and disrupted the C. albicans CAP1 gene. C. albicans strains with inactivated CAP1 budded in conditions that led to germ tube formation in isogenic strains withCAP1. The addition of 10 mM cAMP and dibutyryl cAMP promoted bud-hypha transitions and filamentous growth in thecap1/cap1 mutant in liquid and solid media, respectively, showing clearly that cAMP promotes hypha formation in C. albicans. Increases in cytoplasmic cAMP preceding germ tube emergence in strains having CAP1 were markedly diminished in the budding cap1/cap1 mutant. C. albicans strains with deletions of both alleles ofCAP1 were avirulent in a mouse model of systemic candidiasis. The avirulence of a germ tube-deficientcap1/cap1 mutant coupled with the role of Cap1 in regulating cAMP levels shows that the Cap1-mediated cAMP signaling pathway is required for bud-hypha transitions, filamentous growth, and the pathogenesis of candidiasis.

Candida albicans growth and germ tube formation can be inhibited by simple diphenyl diselenides [(PhSe)2, (MeOPhSe)2, (p-Cl-PhSe)2, (F3CPhSe)2] and diphenyl ditelluride

Mycoses ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Bueno Rosseti ◽  
Caroline Wagner ◽  
Roselei Fachinetto ◽  
Paulo Taube Junior ◽  
Maricilia Silva Costa
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Diphenyl Ditelluride

The Candida albicans pH-regulated KER1 gene encodes a lysine/glutamic-acid-rich plasma-membrane protein that is involved in cell aggregation

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (8) ◽  
pp. 2641-2651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amparo Galán ◽  
Manuel Casanova ◽  
Amelia Murgui ◽  
Donna M. MacCallum ◽  
Frank C. Odds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Cell Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Surface Hydrophobicity ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Calcofluor White

Immunoscreening of a Candida albicans cDNA library with a polyclonal germ-tube-specific antibody (pAb anti-gt) resulted in the isolation of a gene encoding a lysine/glutamic-acid-rich protein, which was consequently designated KER1. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of this gene displayed no significant homology with any other known sequence. KER1 encodes a 134 kDa lysine (14·5 %)/glutamic acid (16·7 %) protein (Ker1p) that contains two potential transmembrane segments. KER1 was expressed in a pH-conditional manner, with maximal expression at alkaline pH and lower expression at pH 4·0, and was regulated by RIM101. A Δker1/Δker1 null mutant grew normally but was hyperflocculant under germ-tube-inducing conditions, yet this behaviour was also observed in stationary-phase cells grown under other incubation conditions. Western blotting analysis of different subcellular fractions, using as a probe a monospecific polyclonal antibody raised against a highly antigenic domain of Ker1p (pAb anti-Ker1p), revealed the presence of a 134 kDa band in the purified plasma-membrane fraction from the wild-type strain that was absent in the homologous preparation from Δker1/Δker1 mutant. The pattern of cell-wall protein and mannoprotein species released by digestion with β-glucanases, reactive towards pAbs anti-gt and anti-Ker1p, as well as against concanavalin A, was also different in the Δker1/Δker1 mutant. Mutant strains also displayed an increased cell-surface hydrophobicity and sensitivity to Congo red and Calcofluor white. Overall, these findings indicate that the mutant strain was affected in cell-wall composition and/or structure. The fact that the ker1 mutant had attenuated virulence in systemic mouse infections suggests that this surface protein is also important in host–fungus interactions.

scholarly journals Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad essential oil and its anti-candidal activities against clinical isolates of Candida albicans isolated from women with candidiasis

Infectio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddese Mahboubi ◽  
Bahareh Attaran
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Analgesic Agent ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Cytoplasmic Structures

Satureja khuzistanica Jamzad is known as antiseptic and analgesic agent in folk medicine. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the anti-candidal activity of S. khuzistanica aerial parts essential oil against clinical isolates of Candida albicans, which were isolated from women with chronic recurrent candidiasis. For this purpose, the chemical composition of hydro-distilled essential oil was determined by GC and GC-MS analysis. Then, the anti-candidal activity of essential oil and its main component (carvacrol) were determined. Carvacrol (94.1%) was the main component of essential oil, followed by β-bisabolene, p-cymene and γ-terpinene. S. khuzistanica essential oil had strong anti-candidal activity against clinical isolates of C. albicans via inhibition of germ tube formation and induction the huge punctures in the cytoplasmic structures. The cell membranes were intact in presence of essential oil or carvacrol. S. khuzistanica essential oil as the main source of carvacrol can be used for treatment of C. albicans related infections.

scholarly journals Enzymes of N-Acetylglucosamine Metabolism during Germ-tube Formation in Candida albicans

Microbiology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 128 (10) ◽  
pp. 2319-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gopal ◽  
P. A. Sullivan ◽  
M. G. Shepherd
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Formation

scholarly journals Sensitive Assay for Antifungal Activity of Glucan Synthase Inhibitors That Uses Germ Tube Formation in Candida albicans as an End Point

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3305-3310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Brayman ◽  
John W. Wilks
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Glucan Synthase ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

ABSTRACT We implemented a simple, sensitive, objective, and rapid cellular assay to reveal the antifungal activity of a novel class of glucan synthase inhibitors. The assay, especially useful for early drug discovery, measures the transformation of Candida albicans from the yeast form to the hyphal form. Test compounds were ranked by potency (50% inhibitory concentration) and efficacy (percent inhibition of germ tube formation); the intra-assay coefficients of variation for these parameters were 17 and 5%, respectively. The germ tube formation assay proved useful for the early-stage antifungal characterization of a novel class of glucan synthase inhibitors discovered at Pharmacia. Drug concentrations required in this assay to inhibit germ tube formation were lower for 90% of the novel compounds than the concentrations required to determine MICs. The method may have utility for other mechanistic classes of antifungal compounds during the hit-to-lead transition of drug discovery.

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