Treatment options for fetal growth retardation (intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR)

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1124-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Differential Effects of Maternal Heroin and Methadone Use on Birthweight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-685
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Kandall ◽  
Susan Albin ◽  
Joyce Lowinson ◽  
Beatrice Berle ◽  
Arthur I. Eidelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Methadone Dosage ◽  
History Of

An analysis of birthweights of 337 neonates in relation to history of maternal narcotic usage was undertaken Mean birthweight of infants born to mothers abusing heroin during the pregnancy was 2,490 gm, an effect primarily of intrauterine growth retardation. Low mean birthweight (2,615 gm) was also seen in infants born to mothers who had abused heroin only prior to this pregnancy, and mothers who had used both heroin and methadone during the pregnancy (2,535 gm). Infants born to mothers on methadone maintenance during the pregnancy had significantly higher mean birthweights (2,961 gm), but lower than the control group (3,176 gm). A highly significant relationship was observed between maternal methadone dosage in the first trimester and birthweight, i.e., the higher the dosage, the larger the infant. Heroin causes fetal growth retardation, an effect which may persist beyond the period of addiction. Methadone may promote fetal growth in a dose-related fashion after maternal use of heroin.

The Prognostic Significance of Antenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Growth Retardation

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingemar Leijon
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Antenatal Diagnosis ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIntrauterine growth retardation is associated with high risk of perinatal asphyxia. The neonatal mortality rate of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants (birthweight ≤ 2 SD) in Sweden decreased from 5.6% in 1973 to 2.0% in 1987. During the same period, the number SGA infants with postnatal asphyxia (5 min Apgar score <7) decreased from 10% to 5%. Based on antenatal diagnosis of fetal growth retardation, an optimal time of delivery reduces the risk of major neurological and developmental sequelae of the individual infant.

HUMAN FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION: I. CLINICAL FEATURES OF SAMPLE WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-558
Author(s):  
J. Urrusti ◽  
P. Yoshida ◽  
L. Velasco ◽  
S. Frenk ◽  
A. Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Neonatal Deaths ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Normal Term

Intrauterine growth was assessed in a series of 128 cases. Thirty-six infants were small for gestational age, and showed the usual signs of intrauterine growth retardation (IUM). The head circumference of these infants was small, with reference to normal term babies (FT) and comparable to premature infants, appropriately sized for a gestational age (ACA) five weeks less than that of the IUM's. There were 12 neonatal deaths, three among IUM infants within 24 hours and nine in the low birth weight AGA group within 72 hours. The mothers of these three groups of infants were similar with respect to age, weight, height, nutritional patterns, and prior pregnancy histories.

scholarly journals Intrauterine Fetal Growth Retardation: A Comparison of Human Placental Lactogen Urinary Oestriol and Biparietal Diameter Measurements

1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Robinson ◽  
W. R. Chatfield ◽  
R. W. Logan ◽  
Frances Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Human Placental Lactogen ◽  
Reliable Prediction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Biparietal Diameter

Forty-two ‘at risk’ pregnancies were serially monitored by sonar biparietal cephalometry, 24 h urinary oestriol assays and determination of serum human placental lactogen. The results were assessed by a scoring system, and it was found that a combination of sonar cephalometry and 24 h urinary oestriol assays gave the most reliable prediction of intrauterine growth retardation.

Arginine and аrginase levels in the blood serum of pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation

2016 ◽  
pp. 97-99
Author(s):  
A.V. Basystyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Group I

The objective: to determine arginine and arginase levels in the blood serum of pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation of different severity. Patients and methods. The study included 100 pregnant women (from 23 to 40 weeks of gestation). The main group consisted of 80 pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation. The control group consisted of 20 women with physiological course of pregnancy. The patients of the main group were divided into three clinical groups regarding intrauterine growth retardation staging. Group I included 38 pregnant women with stage I IUGR, 22 pregnant women with stage II IUGR were in group II and 20 pregnant women with stage III IUGR – in group III. L-arginine concentration was determined in the blood serum by the method of T.L. Aleinikova et al [1], arginase activity – by the method of J.W. Geyer, D. Dabich [4]. The statistical analysis was performed by using standard computer programs: STATISTICA 6.0, Microsoft Excel, ANOVA. Statistically significant difference was considered at p<0.05. Results. In the study the reduced level of free arginine in the main group of pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation of different severity was determined if compared with the control group. Fetomaternal gradient of arginine is reduced significantly due to increasing activity of the enzyme arginase, which competitively uses amino acid. Conclusions. The level of reduced free arginine in the blood serum of pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation is directly proportional to the severity of fetal growth retardation: the more severe fetal growth retardation, the more marked arginine deficiency. For correcting metabolic disorders in pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation it is recommended to administer L-arginine containing drugs. Key words: L-arginin, arginase, blood serum, pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation.

Placental transport and fetal utilization of leucine in a model of fetal growth retardation

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (3) ◽  
pp. E491-E503 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Ross, ◽  
P. V. Fennessey ◽  
R. B. Wilkening ◽  
F. C. Battaglia ◽  
G. Meschia
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Placental Transport ◽  
Control Net

Placental transport and fetal utilization of leucine were studied at 130 days of gestation in six control ewes and in seven ewes in which intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) had been induced by exposure to heat stress. Leucine fluxes were measured during simultaneous intravenous infusion of L-[1-13C]leucine into the mother and L-[1-14C] leucine into the fetus. In the IUGR group, the following leucine fluxes, expressed as micromol/min/kg fetus, were reduced compared with control: net uterine uptake (3.44 vs. 8.56, P<0.01), uteroplacental utilization (0.0 vs. 4.7, P<0.01), fetal disposal rate (6.4 vs. 8.9, P<0.001), flux from placenta to fetus (5.0 vs. 7.1, P<0.01), direct transport from mother to fetus (1.6 vs. 3.4, P<0.01), flux from fetus to placenta (1.5 vs. 3.2, P<0.001), and oxidation of fetal leucine by fetus plus placenta (2.1 vs. 3.2, P<0.02). Uterine uptake, uteroplacental utilization, and direct transport were also significantly reduced per gram placenta. We conclude that maternal leucine flux into the IUGR placenta is markedly reduced. Most of the reduced flux is routed into fetal metabolism via a decrease in placental leucine utilization and a decrease in the leucine flux from fetus to placenta.

Gene polymorphism of the xenobiotic biotransformation system and the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in female workers of industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Olga N. Gulyaeva ◽  
Anastasiya S. Kazitskaya ◽  
Olga A. Zagorodnikova ◽  
Lyudmila V. Renge ◽  
Anna G. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Gstm1 Gene ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Xenobiotic Biotransformation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biotransformation System

Intrauterine growth retardation is recognized as one of the leading causes of incidence and mortality in infancy and early childhood in all the countries of the world. The causes and mechanisms of development of this process are decisive when choosing the tactics of nursing such children. Of particular importance is the understanding of the functioning of the mother-placenta-fetus system, in particular the mechanisms of suppression of the detoxification function of the placenta in connection with the polymorphisms of the genes of the I and II phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation system. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the polymorphism of the genes of the I and II phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation system with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in women living in the South of the Kemerovo region and working under harmful labor conditions. A survey of 39 women of reproductive age living in the territory of Novokuznetsk was carried out, 20 of them worked at various enterprises of the city. The study group included 14 women who gave birth to children with intrauterine growth retardation of varying severity. The comparison group (control) consisted of 25 women. They did not have spontaneous miscarriages and they carried a child without the intrauterine growth retardation. The work investigated the frequency of occurrence of polymorphisms of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system - CYP1A2*1F, GSTM1 (they determine the activity of detoxification enzymes), as well as their combinations - in a group of working women and housewives who gave birth to children with intrauterine growth retardation. The forms of genes associated with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation, as well as genes associated with the resistance to this pathology, were identified. Combinations of gene forms of different phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation and their relationship with intrauterine fetal growth retardation were shown. There were no statistically reliable differences between various cohorts of women. A positive association of a high risk of the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in women with A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and deletion polymorphism of the GSTM1 "-" gene has been shown. The heterozygous form of the C/A CYP1A2*1F gene polymorphism is statistically reliably associated with the resistance to this pathology, as well as the normally functioning GSTM1 "+" gene. Genotype A/A CYP1A2*1F in the combination with the deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 "-" gene is statistically reliably associated with intrauterine fetal growth retardation, and C/A CYP1A2*1F genotype in the combination with normally functioning GSTM1 "+" gene is associated with a low risk of the intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Comparative analysis of the relationship of the studied forms of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in the groups of female workers and housewives did not show statistically reliable differences.

Morphofunctional сhanges in the рlacenta of рregnant with Intrauterine growth retardation

2016 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
O.V. Basystyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Fetal Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Intervillous Space

The objective: to reveal morphofunctional changes in the placenta of pregnant with intrauterine growth retardation of different severity. Patients and Methods. The study included 100 pregnant (from 23 to 40 weeks of gestation). The main group consisted of 80 pregnant women with intrauterine growth retardation of different severity. The control group consisted of 20 women with physiological course of pregnancy. The patients of the main group were divided into three clinical groups regarding intrauterine growth retardation staging. Group I included 38 pregnant with stage 1 IUGR, 22 pregnant women with stage II IUGR were in group 2 and 20 pregnant with stage 3 IUGR – in group III. Revealing intrauterine growth retardation in pregnant women, the form and the stage, as well as violations of the uteroplacental and fetal blood flow was based on the results of ultrasound Doppler studies. The comparison of fetometry results and normative indices of the definite duration of gestation was made to diagnose intrauterine growth retardation. For morphological studies full-thickness placenta tissue sections were cut from a central, paracentral and areas after the separation of the placenta. From the marginal areas there were cut tissue sections with membranes. From umbilical cord there were cut two sections at 2 cm distance from the insertion of the umbilical cord to the placenta and on the opposite side. The tissue samples were fixed with 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin; histologic sections were stained by hematoxylin-eosin. We paid attention to the severity of compensatory adaptive and involutory destructive reactions in the placenta. The maturity of villous tree was evaluated using the criteria for Voloshchuk’s classification of villous tree maldevelopment. The variational methods were used to make the statistical analysis of outcomes by standard licensed computer programs: STATISTICA 6.0, Microsoft Excel, ANOVA «Statistica». Differences among values were considered statistically significant if p<0.05. Results. The morphology of the placenta in case of intrauterine growth retardation is characterized by a high incidence of uteroplacental blood flow violations. The changes are mainly caused by insufficient maternal blood in intervillous space. The most common morphological manifestations of the violated blood flow in intervillous space were heart attacks, afunctional areas, successive narrowing and thrombosis of intervillous space. The incidence of blood flow violations in intervillous space is growing with increased severity of fetal growth retardation. Conclusions. Placental insufficiency due to morphological and functional changes in the placenta is the leading cause of intrauterine growth retardation and fetal hypoxia. It develops as a result of fetal and placenta combined reaction to various disorders in the mother’s body. The incidence of blood flow violations in intervillous space is growing with increased severity of fetal growth retardation. Key words: intrauterine growth retardation, pregnant, placenta, placental insufficiency, morphofunctional changes.

Categories of intrauterine growth retardation

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger A Fay ◽  
David A Ellwood
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Ponderal Index ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Different Types

Originally all low birthweight infants were considered to be premature. When prematurity was redefined in terms of gestational age (SGA) and not preterm. With the large scale collection of obstetric data the distributions of birthweight at different gestational ages were described and from these, infants who were SGA could be defined. SGA became synonymous with terms such as growth retardation, but it soon became appearent that the two were not necessarily interchangeable. Scott and Usher found that it was the degree of soft tissue wasting rather than birthweight that related to poor perinatal outcome. Miller and Hassanein stated that: “birthweight by itself is not a valid measure of fetal growth impairment”. They used Rorher’s Ponderal Index (weight (g) × 100/length (cm)) to diagnose the malnourished or excessively wasted infants with reduced soft tissue mass. Most studies of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) still use low birthweight for gestational age centile as their only definition of IUGR or only study infants who have a low birthweight. Altman and Hytten expressed disquiet about this definition and stated: “There is now an urgent need to establish true measures of fetal growth from which deviations indicating genuine growth retardation can be derived” and that “it is particularly important that some reliable measures of outcome should be established”. In large series of term deliveries published recently, two groups of IUGR infants with different growth patterens have been identified. These studies confirm that birthweight alone is inadequate to define the different types of IUGR. They established that low Ponderal Index (PI) is a measure of IUGR associated with an increased incidence of perinatal problems and that it is time to re-evaluate IUGR in terms of the different types of aberrant fetal growth.

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