Herbicide Mobility Using Soil Leaching Columns

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Futch ◽  
M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Herbicide Mobility ◽  
Leaching Columns

scholarly journals Mechanical Activation of Smectite-Based Nanocomposites for Creation of Smart Fertilizers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Maxim Rudmin ◽  
Santanu Banerjee ◽  
Boris Makarov ◽  
Kanipa Ibraeva ◽  
Alexander Konstantinov
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Interlayer Space ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Activation Time ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

This research presents the mechanical creation of smart fertilizers from a mixture of smectite and urea in a 3:2 ratio by using the planetary milling technique. The smectite–urea composites show intercalation between urea and mineral, which increases steadily with increasing activation time. A shift of X-Ray Diffraction basal reflections, intensities of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) peaks, and weight losses in thermogravimetric analysis (TG) document the systematic crystallo-chemical changes of the composites related to nitrogen interaction with activation. Observations of the nanocomposites by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) corroborate the inference. Nitrogen intercalates with smectite in the interlayer space and remains absorbed either within micro-aggregates or on the surface of activated smectites. Soil leaching tests reveal a slower rate of nitrogen than that of traditional urea fertilizers. Different forms of nitrogen within the composites cause their differential release rates to the soil. The formulated nanocomposite fertilizer enhances the quality and quantity of oat yield.

scholarly journals Analysis of The Rate of Saline Soil Leaching by Using Subsurface Drainage

2015 ◽  
Vol 03 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nibras Nasyirah ◽  
◽  
Dedi Kalsim ◽  
Satyanto Saptomo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saline Soil ◽  
Subsurface Drainage ◽  
Soil Leaching

Soybean (Glycine max) influences metolachlor mobility in soil

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 833-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle E. Keller ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Advisory ◽  
Field Lysimeters ◽  
C Distribution ◽  
Herbicide Mobility

This study was conducted to evaluate the mobility of14C-metolachlor over 1 yr for three seasons when applied preemergent to undisturbed field lysimeters with and without soybean representing cropped and noncropped zones, respectively. Leachate was collected weekly and analyzed for total14C, metolachlor, and metabolites. Lysimeters were removed, sectioned, and analyzed for14C. Sixty and 90 days after treatment (DAT), there was less soil water in lysimeters with soybean. Recovery of14C in lysimeters decreased with time and ranged from 54 to 74% 30 DAT followed by a slower rate of loss with 35 to 49% remaining 365 DAT. Comparable amounts of total14C were observed in soybean lysimeters as in fallow lysimeters 30, 60, and 90 DAT.14C distribution in the lysimeters, however, was quite different. Sixty and 90 DAT,14C mobility in soybean lysimeters was less than in fallow lysimeters. Also, less leachate was collected from soybean lysimeters, which resulted in later appearances and lesser amounts of14C in the leachate. Cumulative leachate from lysimeters with and without soybean 365 DAT contained 2% and 10 to 18% of the applied14C, respectively. Peak concentrations of14C in leachate from fallow columns occurred about 90 DAT and were two to 19 times higher than14C concentrations in leachate from soybean lysimeters. Metolachlor concentrations in leachate were well below the National Health Advisory level for drinking water in all cases. Apparent volatilization losses of14C amounted to 26 to 46% of the applied14C-metolachlor 30 DAT. These results suggest that herbicide mobility is different in cropped vs. fallow sites and possibly in intra- and interrow crop positions.

Preparation and Slow-Release Properties of Clay-Based Phosphatic Fertilizers

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Tian Yang ◽  
Guo Xiang Pan ◽  
Bin Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Phosphatic Fertilizers

With potassium dihydrogen phosphate acting as raw material, using grinding and adsorption methods to prepare diffrent kinds of clay-based phosphatic fertilizers. And later, using sodium alginate to coat the fertilizers. Choosing soil leaching method to evaluate their slow-release properties. The results indicate that carrier properties have great influences on slow-release properties, the effect of different carriers are as follows: bentonite > kaolin> common earth. The coordinated role of bentonite and hydrotalcite to the slow-release properties is better than the single role of bentonite. The coating of sodium alginate can improve the slow-release properties of clay-based fertilizers.

Arsenic contamination of lake sediments in Florida: evidence of herbicide mobility from watershed soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 869-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Whitmore ◽  
Melanie A. Riedinger-Whitmore ◽  
Joseph M. Smoak ◽  
Keith V. Kolasa ◽  
Ethan A. Goddard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Arsenic Contamination ◽  
Herbicide Mobility

Seasonal distribution of mineral nitrogen with particular reference to leaching

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (71) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
FJ Hingston
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Leaching ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Contents ◽  
Western Australian

Field estimates of seasonal changes in mineral nitrogen contents of nitrogen fertilized sandy soils were made at Toodyay, Meckering, Tammin, Merredin and Bodallin in the Western Australian wheatbelt during 1970. A model was used to compute water balances at each site and estimates were made of mineral nitrogen ( NH4+ and NO3-) in the soils and nitrogen in the crop. Leaching, as indicated by the distribution of ammonium and nitrate with depth in the soils, was considered in relation to the net infiltration of rainfall and drainage from the 90 cm depth of soil. Leaching of nitrate was responsible for loss of mineral nitrogen from sowing to the first sampling at Toodyay. It was unlikely that nitrate was leached below 90 cm at Meckering or Tammin, and drainage at Merredin and Bodallin was negligible. There was no drainage or net infiltration of rainfall at any site after the first sampling, between June 30 and August 11. The decreases in mineral nitrogen in the soils was about equal to the plant uptake of nitrogen in all situations where there was no leaching, except at Merredin. At that site, during the period between sowing and the second sampling (August 27), there were unexplained decreases in soil mineral nitrogen. The results show that water balance studies can give reasonable understanding of the leaching and redistribution of nitrate and ammonium in sandy soils, and hence may be used to predict for different seasonal conditions.

Comparison of Different Soil Leaching Techniques with Four Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chu-Huang Wu ◽  
P. W. Santelmann
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Thin Layer Method ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Herbicide Mobility

Herbicide mobility in soils was compared by three laboratory methods. The Rf values calculated from soil thin-layer chromatography correlated closely with those obtained from soil thick-layer chromatography (r = 0.96). Herbicides leached slightly further in slotted column chromatography as compared with the other methods. The working hours required to conduct a study with each method were in the increasing order of thin-layer, thick-layer, and column chromatography. However, the thin-layer method required the longest waiting times, followed by the column and thick-layer chromatography. If radioactive herbicides are not available or obtainable, the thick-layer chromatography is simplest and quickest. The relative mobility of herbicides studied was fluometuron [1,1-dimethyl-3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)urea] > napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxy)-N,N-diethylpropionamide] > terbutryn [2-(tert-butyl-amino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine] > trifluralin (α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine). Less herbicide mobility was observed in heavier soil than in sandy soil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document