Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls Drained into North Coast of the Mediterranean Sea, Egypt

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Abbassy
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Mediterranean

scholarly journals Atmospheric occurrence, transport and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene in the Mediterranean and Black Seas

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 9747-9781 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Berrojalbiz ◽  
J. Castro-Jiménez ◽  
G. Mariani ◽  
J. Wollgast ◽  
G. Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressures ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Equilibrium ◽  
Mediterranean And Black Seas ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Abstract. The Mediterranean and Black Seas are unique marine environments subject to important anthropogenic pressures due to direct and indirect loads of atmospheric inputs of organochlorine compounds (OCl) from primary and secondary sources. Here we report the results obtained during two east-west sampling cruises in June 2006 and May 2007 from Barcelona to Istanbul and Alexandria, respectively, where gas phase and aerosol samples were collected. Both matrices were analyzed for 41 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including dioxin-like congeners, and hexachlorobencene (HCB). The values reported in this study for gas phase HCB and ∑41PCB (LOD to 418.3 pg m−3 and from 81.99 to 931.6 pg m−3 respectively) are in the same range of those reported in former studies, possibly suggesting a limited decline in their atmospheric concentrations during the last decade for the Mediterranean region due to land base OCl sources. There is a clear influence of the direction of the air-mass on the atmospheric concentrations of PCBs, with higher concentrations when the air mass was from southern Europe, and the lowest concentrations for air masses coming from the SW Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. PCBs and HCB are close to air–water equilibrium for most sampling periods, thus resulting in low atmospheric deposition fluxes at open sea. This is consistent with the oligotrophic character of the Mediterranean Sea with a small influence of the biological pump capturing atmospheric PCBs. Therefore, degradation of gas-phase PCBs by OH radicals is estimated to be the main loss process of atmospheric PCBs during their transport over the Mediterranean Sea. Conversely, atmospheric residence times of HCB are predicted to be very long due to a lack of atmospheric degradation and low depositional fluxes due to concentrations at air–water equilibrium.

scholarly journals Rainwater in Egypt: quantity, distribution and harvesting

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.I. ABDEL-SHAFY ◽  
A.A. EL-SAHARTY ◽  
M. REGELSBERGER ◽  
C. PLATZER
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
The North ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Annual Amount ◽  
Innovative Techniques

Egypt has limited water resources, and it will be under water stress within the year 2030. Therefore, Egypt should consider the natural and non-conventional water resources to overcome such problem. Rain harvesting is one solution; but not all; particularly on the north coast by the Mediterranean Sea and the Red sea. In this paper, the rainwater issue is reviewed and discussed in terms of the quantities and distribution at different selected areas in Egypt. The amount of rain falls at different location in Egypt was collected for a period of 16 months. The data indicated that rainfall in Egypt is very scarce, with an annual average of 12 mm and ranges from 0 mm/year in the desert to 200 mm/year in the north coastal region. The maximum total amount of rain does not exceed 1.8 billion m3per year. However, the average annual amount of rainfall water that is effectively utilized for agriculture purposes is estimated to be 1 billion m3. Harvesting pilot plant was constructed and implemented in Alexandria directly on the Mediterranean Sea. The harvested rain was used for irrigation and treated for drinking. It was, therefore, recommended to develop sustainable catchments at appropriate locations in the rain-fed areas at the north coast as well as cost effective grafting of the indigenous technologies with the innovative techniques.

scholarly journals Atmospheric occurrence, transport and deposition of polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene in the Mediterranean and Black seas

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 8947-8959 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Berrojalbiz ◽  
J. Castro-Jiménez ◽  
G. Mariani ◽  
J. Wollgast ◽  
G. Hanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Air Mass ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Water Equilibrium ◽  
Mediterranean And Black Seas ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Abstract. The Mediterranean and Black seas are unique marine environments subject to important anthropogenic pressures due to direct and indirect loads of atmospheric inputs of organochlorine compounds (OCls) from primary and secondary sources. Here we report the results obtained during two east–west sampling cruises in June 2006 and May 2007 from Barcelona to Istanbul and Alexandria, respectively, where gas-phase and aerosol-phase samples were collected. Both matrices were analyzed for 41 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), including dioxin-like congeners, and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). The values reported in this study for gas-phase HCB and ∑41PCB limit of detection (LOD) to 418.3 pg m−3 and from 81.99 to 931.6 pg m−3 respectively) are in the same range of those reported in former studies, possibly suggesting a limited decline in their atmospheric concentrations during the last decade for the Mediterranean region due to land-based OCl sources. There is a clear influence of the direction of the air mass on the atmospheric concentrations of PCBs, with higher concentrations when the air mass was from southern Europe, and the lowest concentrations for air masses coming from the SW Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean. PCBs and HCB are close to air–water equilibrium for most sampling periods, thus resulting in low atmospheric deposition fluxes at open sea. This is consistent with the oligotrophic character of the Mediterranean Sea with a small influence of the biological pump capturing atmospheric PCBs. Therefore, degradation of gas-phase PCBs by OH radicals is estimated to be the main loss process of atmospheric PCBs during their transport over the Mediterranean Sea. Conversely, atmospheric residence times of HCB are predicted to be very long due to a lack of atmospheric degradation and low depositional fluxes due to concentrations at air–water equilibrium.

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