scholarly journals Nerve ischaemia in diabetic rats: time-course of development, effect of insulin treatment plus comparison of streptozotocin and BB models

Diabetologia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Carrington ◽  
D. R. Tomlinson ◽  
E. J. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Nerve Ischaemia

Time course of changes in albumin synthesis and mRNA in diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. E656-E663 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Peavy ◽  
J. M. Taylor ◽  
L. S. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Cdna Probe ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Albumin Synthesis ◽  
Albumin Mrna

Albumin synthesis in rat liver in vivo decreased from 12.7 to 2.2% of total protein synthesis during the first 3 days after the induction of diabetes and then remained relatively constant at this depressed rate for another 3 days. Insulin treatment begun on the 3rd day after the induction of diabetes restored albumin synthesis to control values within 3 days. Hybridization of total polyadenylate-containing RNA with a specific albumin cDNA probe revealed a close correspondence between the relative abundance of albumin mRNA and the relative rate of albumin synthesis after induction of diabetes and in response to insulin treatment. The apparent half-life of albumin mRNA, based on the rate of change of the message from one steady-state level to another, was approximately 22 h in both diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats. Diabetes of 3-day duration had no effect on the average sizes of total and albumin-synthesizing polysomes or on the ribosomal half-transit time for total protein and albumin. However, the number of albumin-synthesizing polysomes decreased as a result of diabetes to approximately one-third the number found in control livers. Taken together the results indicate that albumin synthesis was regulated by the availability of albumin mRNA and not by alterations in degradation, sequestration, or translation of message.

Nitric oxide and penile erection in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil ARI ◽  
Yoram VARDI ◽  
John P. M. FINBERG
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Pithed Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of

The purpose of this investigation was to study the time course, response to insulin and characteristics of erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic Sprague–Dawley rats, and the function of the NO-generating system in these animals. Copulation-induced and reflex erection were quantified in conscious Sprague–Dawley rats at different times after injection of STZ. The corporal vasodilatation response to nerve stimulation was studied by measuring the rise in corporal pressure in pithed rats following electrical stimulation of sacral spinal nerve roots. The activity of NO synthase was determined in corporal tissue by measuring the generation of [3H]citrulline from [3H]arginine. Copulation-induced erection was inhibited at 1 and 2 months after STZ treatment, but this could be prevented by a short (2-week) pretreatment with insulin. Reflex erection was inhibited at 1, 4, 6 and 9 months after STZ; at 6 months, this inhibition was also reversible by insulin pretreatment. Following pithing, the basal corporal pressure was elevated in diabetic rats. At 4 months after STZ, this increase was normalized by a 2-week, but not by a 1-week, pretreatment with insulin; however, at 9 months after STZ, insulin pretreatment did not normalize corporal pressure. The increase in corporal pressure caused by stimulation of sacral nerve roots in pithed rats was enhanced in diabetic animals. This enhancement was also normalized at 4 months, but not at 9 months, by 2 weeks of insulin treatment. The inhibition of the stimulation-induced increase in corporal pressure by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (5 mg/kg) was less following 9 months of diabetes, although NO synthase activity was normal in cavernosal tissue following 6–8 months of diabetes. In conclusion, STZ-induced diabetes caused changes in the erectile system that were initially reversible by a short insulin treatment, but which with time (more than 6 months) became irreversible. NO synthase activity in cavernosal tissue was normal, but the response to NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester was inhibited in long-term diabetes (9 months).

Effects of interrupted insulin treatment on fetal outcome of pregnant diabetic rats

Diabetes ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 764-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Eriksson ◽  
L. Thunberg ◽  
U. J. Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Pregnant Diabetic

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Rats After 60 Days of Hypergalactosemia or Hyperglycemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Matthew S. King ◽  
Tonya G. Ketcham ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Two of the models used in current diabetes research include the hypergalactosemic rat and the hyperglucosemic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Few studies, however, have examined the concurrence of these two models regarding the effects of elevated hexoses on biomarkers of oxidative stress. This study compared the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and the concentrations of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and thiobarbituric acid reactants (as a measure of lipid peroxidation) in liver, kidney, and heart of Sprague-Dawley rats after 60 days of either a 50% galactose diet or insulin deficiency caused by streptozotocin injection. Most rats from both models developed bilateral cataracts. Blood glucose and glycosy-lated hemoglobin A1c concentrations were elevated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Streptozotocin diabetic rats exhibited elevated activities of renal superoxide dismutase, cardiac catalase, and renal and cardiac glutathione peroxidase, as well as elevated hepatic lipid peroxidation. Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats normalized altered markers. In galactosemic rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased whereas glutathione reductase activity was diminished. Glutathione levels in liver were decreased in diabetic rats but elevated in the galactosemic rats, whereas hepatic glutathione disulfide concentrations were decreased much more in diabetes than in galactosemia. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented all changes caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Lack of concomitance in these data indicate that the 60-day galactose-fed rat is not experiencing the same oxidative stress as the streptozotocin diabetic rat, and that investigators must be cautious drawing conclusions regarding the concurrence of the effects of the two animal models on oxidative stress biomarkers.

scholarly journals Insulin treatment reverses the increase in atrogin-1 expression in atrophied skeletal muscles of diabetic rats with acute joint inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Maria Pinheiro-Dardis ◽  
Vânia Ortega Gutierres ◽  
Renata Pires Assis ◽  
Sabrina Messa Peviani ◽  
Gabriel Borges Delfino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Joint Inflammation ◽  
Diabetic Rats

Effects of refeeding of undernourished and insulin treatment of diabetic neonatal rats on IGF and IGFBP

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (2) ◽  
pp. E223-E231 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Goya ◽  
F. Rivero ◽  
M. A. Martin ◽  
R. Arahuetes ◽  
E. R. Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Serum Gh

The effect of refeeding and insulin treatment of undernourished and diabetic neonatal rats, respectively, on the regulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) was investigated. The changes in body weight, insulinemia, glycemia, serum IGF-I, and growth hormone (GH) as well as the increase of the 30-kDa IGFBP in undernourished and diabetic neonatal rats previously shown elsewhere were reversed by refeeding and insulin treatment, respectively. Also, changes in liver mRNA expression of IGF-I and-II and IGFBP-1 and -2 were restored in refed undernourished and IGF-I and IGFBP-1 levels recovered in insulin-treated diabetic rats. However, serum GH was still below normal after rehabilitation in both situations. Thus the present results support the idea of a GH-independent IGF/ IGFBP regulation mediated by a balance of insulin and nutrients as has already been suggested in previous neonatal studies.

Insulin treatment fails to abolish the teratogenic potential of serum from diabetic rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parri Wentzel ◽  
Ulf J Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Serum Factors ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Teratogenic Potential

Wentzel P, Eriksson UJ. Insulin treatment fails to abolish the teratogenic potential of serum from diabetic rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;134:459–66. ISSN 0804–4643 Maternal diabetes during pregnancy constitutes an increased risk for congenital malformations in the offspring. Previous studies have identified several serum components with teratogenic activity, e.g. glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, but have also suggested that the teratogenic influence of the diabetic environment on the developing embryo is multifactorial and may depend upon changed concentrations of several maternal metabolites. In the present investigation we aimed to assess the teratological impact of small, concomitant alterations in a series of metabolites, particularly those not previously identified as teratogens. We thus investigated the influence of a mild diabetic environment by culturing gestational day-9 rat embryos in serum from insulin-treated diabetic rats for 48 h in vitro, and compared the embryonic outcome with that obtained after culture in normal serum and in serum from manifestly diabetic rats without insulin treatment. The glucose concentration was adjusted to 10 or 30 mmol/l in the cultures, and the embryos were evaluated with respect to crown–rump length, protein and DNA content, number of somites and malformation score (comparing major, minor or no malformations). We found that increased glucose levels caused embryonic maldevelopment in both normal and diabetic serum, and that despite normalization of the diabetic state, the serum from the insulin-treated diabetic rats caused more growth retardation than the nondiabetic control serum. The normalized diabetic serum was also more teratogenic than the normal serum at the low glucose concentration, whereas the serum from the manifestly diabetic rats tended to cause more dysmorphogenesis at 30 mmol/l glucose than both the normal and normalized diabetic serum. The results suggest that the teratogenicity of maternal serum in diabetic pregnancy is not mediated exclusively by increased concentrations of glucose and ketone bodies. The efforts to diminish the teratogenic effects of a diabetic environment should therefore include normalization of a multitude of serum factors, including glucose and ketone bodies. Parri Wentzel, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Uppsala, Biomedicum, PO Box 571, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden

Effect of diabetes and insulin treatment of diabetic rats on total RNA, poly(A)+ RNA, and mRNA in skeletal muscle

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. C409-C416 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Kent ◽  
S. R. Kimball ◽  
L. S. Jefferson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vitro Translation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Total Rna

We have assessed the time course of alterations in several biochemical parameters and expression of specific mRNAs in gastrocnemius muscle following both the induction of diabetes and the administration of insulin to diabetic rats. Muscle mass, total RNA, and total protein were reduced, whereas poly(A)+ RNA relative to total RNA was increased following the induction of diabetes. All the above parameters, with the exception of poly(A)+ RNA, were reciprocally and rapidly altered following administration of insulin to 3-day diabetic animals. These changes suggest that during the induction of diabetes 1) total cellular protein is reduced at a rate that is less than the reduction in gastrocnemius mass, whereas RNA is reduced at a rate 1.5 times the reduction in tissue mass, and 2) poly(A)+ RNA is elevated relative to total RNA. After insulin administration, there appears to be coordinate synthesis of both poly(A)+ RNA and ribosomal RNA, assuming 85% of total RNA is ribosomal. Therefore, we conclude that poly(A)+ RNA is more stable than ribosomal RNA during diabetes, whereas the amounts of poly(A)+ RNA and ribosomal RNA are increased at the same rates following insulin administration to diabetic animals. Analysis of expression of specific gene products over the same time course, as assessed by in vitro translation of total RNA followed by two-dimensional gel analysis, suggests that there are a few mRNAs that are very rapidly altered in response to insulin administration. The mRNAs that are altered demonstrate variable temporal patterns of either repression or full or transient expression. These rapid, but limited, alterations in gene expression may prove important in the development of the defects that occur in skeletal muscle in response to diabetes.

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