The introgressed segment carrying rust resistance genes Yr17, Lr37 and Sr38 in wheat can be assayed by a cloned disease resistance gene-like sequence

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Seah ◽  
H. Bariana ◽  
J. Jahier ◽  
K. Sivasithamparam ◽  
E. S. Lagudah
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Introgressed Segment ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Organization, Expression and Evolution of a Disease Resistance Gene Cluster in Soybean

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 162 (4) ◽  
pp. 1961-1977
Author(s):  
Michelle A Graham ◽  
Laura Fredrick Marek ◽  
Randy C Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gene Evolution ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Disease Resistance Genes ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Specific Primers

Abstract PCR amplification was previously used to identify a cluster of resistance gene analogues (RGAs) on soybean linkage group J. Resistance to powdery mildew (Rmd-c), Phytophthora stem and root rot (Rps2), and an ineffective nodulation gene (Rj2) map within this cluster. BAC fingerprinting and RGA-specific primers were used to develop a contig of BAC clones spanning this region in cultivar “Williams 82” [rps2, Rmd (adult onset), rj2]. Two cDNAs with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of R-genes have also been mapped to opposite ends of a BAC in the contig Gm_Isb001_091F11 (BAC 91F11). Sequence analyses of BAC 91F11 identified 16 different resistance-like gene (RLG) sequences with homology to the TIR/NBD/LRR family of disease resistance genes. Four of these RLGs represent two potentially novel classes of disease resistance genes: TIR/NBD domains fused inframe to a putative defense-related protein (NtPRp27-like) and TIR domains fused inframe to soybean calmodulin Ca2+-binding domains. RT-PCR analyses using gene-specific primers allowed us to monitor the expression of individual genes in different tissues and developmental stages. Three genes appeared to be constitutively expressed, while three were differentially expressed. Analyses of the R-genes within this BAC suggest that R-gene evolution in soybean is a complex and dynamic process.

Map-based cloning of a gene sequence encoding a nucleotide-binding domain and a leucine-rich region at the Cre3 nematode resistance locus of wheat

Genome ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans S. Lagudah ◽  
Odile Moullet ◽  
Rudi Appels
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Rich Region

The Cre3 gene confers a high level of resistance to the root endoparasitic nematode Heterodera avenae in wheat. A DNA marker cosegregating with H. avenae resistance was used as an entry point for map-based cloning of a disease resistance gene family at the Cre3 locus. Two related gene sequences have been analysed at the Cre3 locus. One, identified as a cDNA clone, encodes a polypeptide with a nucleotide binding site (NBS) and a leucine-rich region; this member of the disease resistance gene family is expressed in roots. A second Cre3 gene sequence, cloned as genomic DNA, appears to be a pseudogene, with a frame shift caused by a deletion event. These two genes, related to members of the cytoplasmic NBS – leucine rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes were physically mapped to the distal 0.06 fragment of the long arm of wheat chromosome 2D and cosegregated with nematode resistance.Key words: cereal cyst nematode, disease resistance genes, nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat.

scholarly journals Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance: Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadisa Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Breeding for disease resistance is a central focus of plant breeding programs, as any successful variety must have the complete package of high yield, disease resistance, agronomic performance, and end - use quality. Wheat breeding is focused on high yield, pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Among diseases of wheat yellow rust, stem rust, and leaf rust are the most damaging diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals . Disease resistance in wheat breeding with one exception, the diseases of wheat that is important because of their effect on yield. Resistance to all diseases together can is important to avoid an unexpected loss in effectiveness of the resistance of a cu ltivar to a major disease. The genetic resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust can be characterized as qualitative and quantitative resistances. Vertical resistance is specific to pathogen isolates based on single or very few genes. Race - specifi c is used to describe resistance that interacts differentially with pathogen races. Quantitative resistance is defined as resistance that varies in continuous way between the various phenotypes of the host population, from almost imperceptible to quite str ong. With the need to accelerate the development of improved varieties, genomics - assisted breeding is becoming an important tool in breeding programs. With marker - assisted selection, there has been success in breeding for disease resistance. Generally, bre eding programs have successfully implemented molecular markers to assist in the development of cultivars with stem, leaf and stripe rust resistance genes. When new rust resistance genes are to be deployed in wheat breeding programs, it unfortunately takes several years before the new sources of resistance will become available in commercial wheat cultivars. This is due to the long process involved in the establishment of pure breeding wheat lines. Biotechnology based techniques are available to accelerate t he breeding process via doubled haploid production.

scholarly journals The Isolation and Mapping of Disease Resistance Gene Analogs in Maize

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 968-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Collins ◽  
C. A. Webb ◽  
S. Seah ◽  
J. G. Ellis ◽  
S. H. Hulbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Gene Analogs ◽  
Resistance Proteins ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeats

Many of the plant disease resistance genes that have been isolated encode proteins with a putative nucleotide binding site and leucine-rich repeats (NBS-LRR resistance genes). Oligonucleotide primers based on conserved motifs in and around the NBS of known NBS-LRR resistance proteins were used to amplify sequences from maize genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Eleven classes of non-cross-hybridizing sequences were obtained that had predicted products with high levels of amino acid identity to NBS-LRR resistance proteins. These maize resistance gene analogs (RGAs) and one RGA clone obtained previously from wheat were used as probes to map 20 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) loci in maize. Some RFLPs were shown to map to genomic regions containing virus and fungus resistance genes. Perfect co-segregation was observed between RGA loci and the rust resistance loci rp1 and rp3. The RGA probe associated with rp1 also detected deletion events in several rp1 mutants. These data strongly suggest that some of the RGA clones may hybridize to resistance genes.

scholarly journals Mutational Analysis of the Arabidopsis RPS2 Disease Resistance Gene and the Corresponding Pseudomonas syringae avrRpt2 Avirulence Gene

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Axtell ◽  
Timothy W. McNellis ◽  
Mary Beth Mudgett ◽  
Caroline S. Hsu ◽  
Brian J. Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Avirulence Gene ◽  
Disease Resistance Gene ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death

Plants have evolved a large number of disease resistance genes that encode proteins containing conserved structural motifs that function to recognize pathogen signals and to initiate defense responses. The Arabidopsis RPS2 gene encodes a protein representative of the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class of plant resistance proteins. RPS2 specifically recognizes Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strains expressing the avrRpt2 gene and initiates defense responses to bacteria carrying avrRpt2, including a hypersensitive cell death response (HR). We present an in planta mutagenesis experiment that resulted in the isolation of a series of rps2 and avrRpt2 alleles that disrupt the RPS2-avrRpt2 gene-for-gene interaction. Seven novel avrRpt2 alleles incapable of eliciting an RPS2-dependent HR all encode proteins with lesions in the C-terminal portion of AvrRpt2 previously shown to be sufficient for RPS2 recognition. Ten novel rps2 alleles were characterized with mutations in the NBS and the LRR. Several of these alleles code for point mutations in motifs that are conserved among NBS-LRR resistance genes, including the third LRR, which suggests the importance of these motifs for resistance gene function.

scholarly journals Performance and Mapping of Leaf Rust Resistance Transferred to Wheat from Triticum timopheevii subsp. armeniacum

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Brown-Guedira ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
A. K. Fritz
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance Genes

Host plant resistance is an economical and environmentally sound method of control of leaf rust caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina, which is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. Wild relatives of wheat, including the tetraploid T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, represent an important source of genes for resistance to leaf rust. The objectives of this study were to (i) evaluate the performance of leaf rust resistance genes previously transferred to wheat from three accessions of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum, (ii) determine inheritance and allelic relationship of the new leaf rust resistance genes, and (iii) determine the genetic map location of one of the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes using microsatellite markers. The leaf rust resistance gene transferred to hexaploid wheat from accession TA 28 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum exhibited slightly different infection types (ITs) to diverse races of leaf rust in inoculated tests of seedlings compared with the gene transferred from TA 870 and TA 874. High ITs were exhibited when seedlings of all the germ plasm lines were inoculated with P. triticina races MBRL and PNMQ. However, low ITs were observed on adult plants of all lines having the T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum-derived genes for resistance in the field at locations in Kansas and Texas. Analysis of crosses between resistant germ plasm lines showed that accessions TA 870 and TA 874 donated the same gene for resistance to leaf rust and TA 28 donated an independent resistance gene. The gene donated to germ plasm line KS96WGRC36 from TA 870 of T. timopheevii subsp. armeniacum was linked to microsatellite markers Xgwm382 (6.7 cM) and Xgdm87 (9.4 cM) on wheat chromosome arm 2B long. This new leaf rust resistance gene is designated Lr50. It is the first named gene for leaf rust resistance transferred from wild timopheevi wheat and is the only Lr gene located on the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes.

A synteny map and disease resistance gene comparison between barley and the model monocot Brachypodium distachyon

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Drader ◽  
Andris Kleinhofs
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
High Level

Grass species have coevolved with current economically important crop pathogens over millions of years. During this time, speciation of current domestic crops has occurred, resulting in related yet divergent genomes. Here, we present a synteny map between the crop species Hordeum vulgare and the recently sequenced Brachypodium distachyon genome, focusing on regions known to harbor important barley disease resistance genes. The resistance genes have orthologous genes in Brachypodium that show conservation of the form and likely the function of the genes. The level of colinearity between the genomes is highly dependent on the region of interest and, at the DNA level or protein level, the gene of interest. The stem rust resistance gene Rpg1 has an ortholog with a high level of identity at the amino acid level, while the stem rust resistance gene Rpg5 has two orthologs with a high level of identity, one corresponding to the NBS-LRR domain and the other to the serine/threonine protein kinase domain, on different contigs. Interestingly, the predicted product of the Brachypodium Rpg1 ortholog contained a WD40 domain at the C-terminal end. The stem rust resistance gene rpg4 (actin depolymerizing factor 2) also has an ortholog with a high level of identity, in which one of the three residues indicated by allele sequencing in barley cultivars to be important in disease resistance is conserved. The syntenous region of the seedling spot blotch resistance locus, Rcs5, has a high level of colinearity that may prove useful in efforts to identify and clone this gene. A synteny map and orthologous resistance gene comparisons are presented.

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