Allozyme variation in cork oak (Quercus suber L.): the role of phylogeography and genetic introgression by other Mediterranean oak species and human activities

1998 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 647-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Toumi ◽  
R. Lumaret
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Genetic Introgression

Development and ultrastructure of the endodermis in the primary root of cork oak (Quercus suber)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 769-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolors Verdaguer ◽  
Marisa Molinas
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Maturation Process ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Casparian Strip ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Histochemical Tests

The endodermis maturation process was studied in the primary root of the cork oak (Quercus suber L.) with emphasis on the chemical nature of the cell wall and on the possible role of tannins. Tannins were found in endodermal and adjacent cortical cells in all maturation stages. We discuss our findings in relation to the previous literature in other woody and herbaceous species. The results of the histochemical tests showed differences in the aliphatic compounds of the suberin between the Casparian strip suberin and the suberin layer deposited in state II cells. Plasmodesmata were present in radial and tangential walls during the entire maturation process. The significance of plasmodesmata and of the suberin deposition pattern is discussed in relation to apoplastic and symplastic transport in roots. Key words: Casparian strip, endodermis, primary root, suberin, Quercus suber L.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Cuticular Waxes and Pigments and Morphology of Leaves of Quercus suber Trees of Different Provenance

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1165
Author(s):  
Rita Simões ◽  
Ana Rodrigues ◽  
Suzana Ferreira-Dias ◽  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Quercus Suber ◽  
Cork Oak ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Dark Green

The chemical composition of cuticular waxes and pigments and the morphological features of cork oak (Quercus suber) leaves were determined for six samples with seeds of different geographical origins covering the natural distribution of the species. The leaves of all samples exhibited a hard texture and oval shape with a dark green colour on the hairless adaxial surface, while the abaxial surface was lighter, with numerous stomata and densely covered with trichomes in the form of stellate multicellular hairs. The results suggest an adaptive role of leaf features among samples of different provenance and the potential role of such variability in dealing with varying temperatures and rainfall regimes through local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity, as was seen in the trial site, since no significant differences in leaf traits among the various specimens were found, for example, specific leaf area 55.6–67.8 cm2/g, leaf size 4.6–6.8 cm2 and photosynthetic pigment (total chlorophyll, 31.8–40.4 µg/cm2). The leaves showed a substantial cuticular wax layer (154.3–235.1 µg/cm2) composed predominantly of triterpenes and aliphatic compounds (61–72% and 17–23% of the identified compounds, respectively) that contributed to forming a nearly impermeable membrane that helps the plant cope with drought conditions. These characteristics are related to the species and did not differ among trees of different seed origin. The major identified compound was lupeol, indicating that cork oak leaves may be considered as a potential source of this bioactive compound.

scholarly journals Fluvial Geomorphology and River Management

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1608
Author(s):  
Salvatore Ivo Giano
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
River Restoration ◽  
Fluvial Geomorphology ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
River Management ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Fluvial Systems ◽  
The Impact

This Special Issue deals with the role of fluvial geomorphology in landscape evolution and the impact of human activities on fluvial systems, which require river restoration and management [...]

Assessing the relative role of climate change and human activities in sandy desertification of Ordos region, China

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
DuanYang Xu ◽  
XiangWu Kang ◽  
ZhiLi Liu ◽  
DaFang Zhuang ◽  
JianJun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Sandy Desertification

scholarly journals The role of cultural practices in the emergence of modern human intelligence

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1499) ◽  
pp. 2011-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Embodied Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Symbolic Representations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Human Brains

Innate cognitive capacities are orchestrated by cultural practices to produce high-level cognitive processes. In human activities, examples of this phenomenon range from everyday inferences about space and time to the most sophisticated reasoning in scientific laboratories. A case is examined in which chimpanzees enter into cultural practices with humans (in experiments) in ways that appear to enable them to engage in symbol-mediated thought. Combining the cultural practices perspective with the theories of embodied cognition and enactment suggests that the chimpanzees' behaviour is actually mediated by non-symbolic representations. The possibility that non-human primates can engage in cultural practices that give them the appearance of symbol-mediated thought opens new avenues for thinking about the coevolution of human culture and human brains.

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