Effects of a cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist, ONO-1078 (pranlukast), on total airway resistance after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Narita ◽  
K. Asakura ◽  
H. Shirasaki ◽  
A. Kataura
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotriene ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonist

scholarly journals Effects of a Specific Cysteinyl Leukotriene Antagonist, Pranlukast, on Antigen-Induced Cysteinyl Leukotriene-Mediated Rhinitis in Guinea Pigs

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Fujita ◽  
Yasuo Yonetomi ◽  
Hiroshi Takeda ◽  
Naoki Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuhito Kawabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Cysteinyl Leukotriene ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonist

Immunology of the inner ear: Response of the inner ear to antigen challenge

1983 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of the inner ear to host immunity and the immunoresponsiveness of the inner ear to antigen challenge were investigated. A radioimmunoassay was used to quantitate antibody titers to keyhole-limpet hemocyanin generated in the serum, perilymph, and CSF of guinea pigs following systemic or inner ear immunizations. The results of these experiments demonstrate (1) the blood-labyrinth barrier is analogous to the blood-brain barrier with respect to immunoglobulin equilibrium, (2) the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge, and (3) the inner ear is an effective route for systemic immunization.

Evaluation of Nasal Passage Patency after Antigen and Histamine Challenge in Guinea Pigs by Acoustic Rhinometry

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Setsuo Nakamoto ◽  
Yasuo Sakakura ◽  
Ole F. Pedersen ◽  
Kotaro Ukai
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Nasal Airway ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Nasal Airway Resistance

We investigated the effects of antigen and histamine on the nasal passage patency in guinea pigs with or without nasal allergy. The change of nasal patency was measured by acoustic rhinometry and nasal airway resistance. Acoustic reflections have been used in adult humans to determine nasal cavity dimensions in terms of cross-sectional areas as a function of the distance from the nostril. In order to measure nasal cavity dimensions in guinea pigs, we modified equipment for use in humans by decreasing sound tube dimensions, increasing sampling frequency, and applying a special nosepiece. The percent change of volume, minimum cross-sectional area, and nasal airway resistance showed the largest changes at 10 minutes after antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. There was a significant correlation between the individual percent change of nasal airway resistance and volume or minimum cross-sectional area. Histamine, 102 to 105 μg/mL, caused a dose-dependent reduction in percent change of volume in the challenged side of nonsensitized guinea pigs, but not in the opposite side. These results indicate that the noninvasive acoustic reflections technique is useful in small experimental animals, especially to assess the effect of nasal cavity dimensions after the challenge of antigen or nonspecific stimuli.

Dysfunction of M2-muscarinic receptors in pulmonary parasympathetic nerves after antigen challenge

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2255-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Fryer ◽  
M. Wills-Karp
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Antigen Challenge ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Parasympathetic Nerves ◽  
Volume Blood ◽  
M2 Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effect of antigen challenge on the function of neuronal M2-muscarinic autoreceptors in the lungs was studied in anesthetized guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were injected intraperitoneally with saline (control group) or ovalbumin (10 mg/kg) on days 1, 3, and 5. One group of sensitized animals was challenged on days 20–25 with aerosolized ovalbumin for 5 min/day (challenged group), while another group of the sensitized animals was not challenged (sensitized group). On day 26 the animals were anesthetized, paralyzed, tracheostomized, and artificially ventilated. Pulmonary inflation pressure (Ppi), tidal volume, blood pressure, and heart rate were recorded. Both vagus nerves were cut, and electrical stimulation of the distal portions caused bronchoconstriction (measured as an increase in Ppi) and bradycardia. In the control group, pilocarpine (1–100 micrograms/kg iv) attenuated vagally induced bronchoconstriction by stimulating inhibitory M2-muscarinic receptors on parasympathetic nerves in the lungs. Conversely, blockade of these receptors with the antagonist gallamine (0.1–10 mg/kg iv) produced a marked potentiation of vagally induced bronchoconstriction. These results confirm previous findings. In the challenged guinea pigs, pilocarpine did not inhibit vagally induced bronchoconstriction. Furthermore, gallamine did not potentiate vagally induced bronchoconstriction to the same degree as in the controls. In the group of animals that was sensitized but not challenged, the potentiation of vagally induced bronchoconstriction by gallamine was identical to the controls. There was no increase in baseline Ppi in the sensitized or challenged animals compared with the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Characterization of the antigen-induced contraction of colonic smooth muscle from sensitized guinea pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. G144-G149 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Barnette ◽  
M. Grous
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Neuronal Interactions ◽  
Leukotriene Antagonist

To study the potential of inflammatory mediators to alter colonic motility, we characterized the response of distal colonic smooth muscle to antigen challenge. Addition of ovalbumin to isolated segments of circular smooth muscle obtained from sensitized guinea pigs produced a biphasic contraction. The initial response consisted of a rapid contraction followed by a late response, which was a more sustained but smaller increase in tone and phasic activity. Interestingly, these two responses could be antagonized differentially. Pretreatment with mepyramine (10 microM) inhibited the initial response, whereas the leukotriene antagonist WY 48252 (10 microM) inhibited the late response. The mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole (0.1 microM) reduced only the late response. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase with meclofenamic acid (1 microM) potentiated both responses, whereas blocking neuronal activity with tetrodotoxin (1 microM) only enhanced the initial response. These data indicate clear differences between the inflammatory mediators important in the initial vs. the late response. The initial response is probably mediated by the release of histamine, with enteric neuronal interactions important in attenuating the magnitude of this response. In contrast, the late response appears to be mediated by the release of peptidyl leukotrienes. In this system, cyclooxygenase products apparently function to decrease the response of the smooth muscle to these mediators. These results suggest that release of mediators during an inflammatory response could profoundly alter colonic motility and that these alterations may be important in the pathophysiological manifestations associated with colonic inflammation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A comparison of the effect of inhaled diuretics on airway reflexes in humans and guinea pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Karlsson ◽  
N. B. Choudry ◽  
C. Zackrisson ◽  
R. W. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Loop Diuretic ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Airway Mucosa ◽  
Maximum Inhibition

The effects of nebulized diuretics on citric acid-induced cough and airway obstruction in guinea pigs and capsaicin-induced cough and increase in airway resistance in humans have been studied. Half-maximum inhibition of cough in the guinea pig was produced by 1.3 mM furosemide and 0.25 mM hydrochlorothiazide. Cough was inhibited by 78 +/- 9% by 3 mM furosemide (P less than 0.05) and 89 +/- 11% by 3 mM hydrochlorothiazide (P less than 0.01). At the same time, airway obstruction was inhibited by 50 +/- 9% (P less than 0.001) and 42 +/- 15% (P less than 0.05), respectively. Nebulized furosemide (3 mM) was without effect on the airway obstruction produced by inhaled histamine or acetylcholine in the guinea pigs. Intravenously administered furosemide (270 nmol/kg) did not affect citric acid-induced responses. In humans, aerosolized furosemide (9 mM) and hydrochlorothiazide (3.4 mM) reduced the percent increase in respiratory resistance from 22.1 +/- 3.7 and 15.6 +/- 3.4 to 10.5 +/- 4.9 and 9.4 +/- 3.3%, respectively (P less than 0.05), but were without effect on cough due to capsaicin. Thus both furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide inhibited airway obstruction in the guinea pig and reduced the capsaicin-induced increase in airway resistance in humans. However, whereas coughing was inhibited in the guinea pig, neither drug affected cough in humans. This difference in the action of the loop diuretic and thiazide, which interact differently with Na(+)-K(+)-Cl-transport within the airway mucosa, on the cough and airflow obstruction in guinea pig and humans supports the view that different sensory limbs are involved in these reflexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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