Effects of High Temperature on the Development of Pollen Mother Cells and Microspores in Barley Hordeum vulgare L.

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Sakata ◽  
Hideyuki Takahashi ◽  
Iwao Nishiyama ◽  
Atsushi Higashitani
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Mother Cells

EFFECTS OF 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE IN AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. KAO ◽  
B. L. HARVEY ◽  
E. N. LARTER ◽  
E. REINBERGS
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Base Pair ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Preferential Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Single Base ◽  
Pollen Mother Cells ◽  
Single Base Pair ◽  
Mother Cells

Two F1 hybrid populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend Lam.) were treated with 5-Bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), and subsequently the chromosome numbers were doubled with colchicine. In relation to the control plants, the BUdR-treated plants had higher fertility (seed set), a greater percentage of pollen mother cells (PMC) with 14-14 chromosome distribution at anaphase-1, and a greater degree of preferential pairing as measured by the percentage of recessives in the F2 generation. It is proposed, since BUdR causes single base pair changes, that the unit of a chromosome associated with preferential pairing is at least as small as a single base pair.

The Relationship Between Chromosome Volume and Dna Content in Unsquashed Metaphase Cells of Barley, Hordeum Vulgare Cv. Tuleen 346

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111
Author(s):  
M. D. BENNETT ◽  
J. B. SMITH ◽  
J. P. WARD ◽  
R. A. FINCH
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Relative Dna Content ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Diploid Cells

The present work used haploid and diploid cells of barley, Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tuleen 346 (2n = 2x = 14), which has three reciprocal translocations. All seven chromosomes of the haploid set are distinguishable using morphological criteria in Feulgen-stained root-tip squashes seen in the light microscope, as are five of the bivalents at diakinesis. The relative DNA content per bivalent was estimated in pollen mother cells at diakinesis. The results showed that all seven chromosomes or bivalents of Tuleen 346 can be identified using relative DNA content as sole criterion. The absolute and relative volumes of the seven chromosomes were estimated from electron micrographs of serial sections of unsquashed root-tip cells of a haploid. The results show that, using relative chromosome volume as sole criterion, it is highly probable that all seven chromosomes in single unsquashed cells of Tuleen 346 can be correctly identified. Consequently, teats for various non-random spatial arrangements of chromosomes in unsquashed cells of Tuleen 346 using this character to identify the chromosomes should be feasible. There was a very highly significant positive relationship (r>0.99) between relative chromosome volume and mean relative DNA content per chromosome for each cell examined at metaphase of mitosis or meiosis. Thus, some mechanism ensures that the degree of condensation of all seven chromosomes within a cell is usually very similar in Tuleen 346, despite its grossly abnormal karyotype.

Comparison of crossover frequencies in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and H. vulgare × H. bulbosum hybrids using a paracentric inversion

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 666-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pickering
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Paracentric Inversion ◽  
Chromosome 3 ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Gene Introgression ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Meiotic Analyses ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Crosses between different parental ploidy combinations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and H. bulbosum L. have been carried out principally to obtain hybrids with high allosyndetic chromosome pairing. Fertility has been observed in tetraploid and triploid hybrids, but there has been little evidence of gene introgression from H. bulbosum into H. vulgare in their progeny. To investigate whether crossing-over takes place between homoeologous chromosomes of H. vulgare and H. bulbosum, diploid hybrids were obtained from crosses between a barley mutant (wst3) homozygous for a paracentric inversion on chromosome 3 and one H. bulbosum genotype. Meiotic analyses at metaphase I and anaphase I and II were carried out on several viable hybrids and compared with control diploid hybrids without the inversion and H. vulgare plants heterozygous for the inversion. Aberrations (bridges and (or) fragments) in H. vulgare × H. bulbosum pollen mother cells at anaphase I were significantly less frequent than in the barley hétérozygote. It is concluded that reduced crossing-over between the parental chromosomes in hybrids contributes to the lack of success in obtaining genetic recombinations between the two species.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Hordeum bulbosum, interspecific hybrid, paracentric inversion, crossing-over.

Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 844-845
Author(s):  
R.H.M. Cross ◽  
C.E.J. Botha ◽  
A.K. Cowan ◽  
B.J. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Lethal Mutant ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

ИЗМЕНЧИВОСТЬ ЯЧМЕНЯ (Hordeum vulgare L.) РАЗНОГО ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ ПО ЭЛЕМЕНТАМ СТРУКТУРЫ УРОЖАЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
А.В. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВ ◽  
◽  
Н.Б. ЖЕЛЕЗНОВА ◽  
Т.В. КУКОЕВА ◽  
Н.В. БУРМАКИНА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document