The Long Terminal Repeat of an Endogenous Retrovirus Induces Alternative Splicing and Encodes an Additional Carboxy-Terminal Sequence in the Human Leptin Receptor

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kapitonov ◽  
Jerzy Jurka
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Terminal Sequence ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

scholarly journals The association of human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) expression with gastric cancer prognosis

Oncotarget ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
pp. 22069-22078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka Shimonosono ◽  
Takaaki Arigami ◽  
Shigehiro Yanagita ◽  
Daisuke Matsushita ◽  
Yasuto Uchikado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Cancer Prognosis ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus

scholarly journals Characterization of the Long Terminal Repeat of the Endogenous Retrovirus-derived microRNAs in the Olive Flounder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Eun Lee ◽  
Ara Jo ◽  
Jennifer Im ◽  
Hee-Jae Cha ◽  
Woo-Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Endogenous Retroviruses ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Olive Flounder ◽  
High Sequence Similarity ◽  
Enhancer Activity

Abstract Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been identified at different copy numbers in various organisms. The long terminal repeat (LTR) element of an ERV has the capacity to exert regulatory influence as both a promoter and enhancer of cellular genes. Here, we describe olive flounder (OF)-ERV9, derived from chromosome 9 of the olive flounder. OF-ERV9-LTR provide binding sites for various transcription factors and showed enhancer activity. The OF-ERV9-LTR demonstrates high sequence similarity with the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of various genes that also contain seed sequences (TGTTTTG) that bind the LTR-derived microRNA(miRNA), OF-miRNA-307. Additionally, OF-miRNA-307 collaborates with transcription factors located in OF-ERV9-LTR to regulate gene expression. Taken together, our data facilitates a greater understanding of the molecular function of OF-ERV families and suggests that OF-miRNA-307 may act as a super-enhancer miRNA regulating gene activity.

scholarly journals A Novel Function of RNAs Arising From the Long Terminal Repeat of Human Endogenous Retrovirus 9 in Cell Cycle Arrest

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Xu ◽  
A. G. Elkahloun ◽  
F. Candotti ◽  
A. Grajkowski ◽  
S. L. Beaucage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Cycle Arrest

scholarly journals The Expression Patterns and Associated Clinical Parameters of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating Protein 2 and Transmembrane and Immunoglobulin Domain Containing 2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Xiao ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Lei-Lei Yang ◽  
Liang Mao ◽  
Cong-Cong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Human Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Molecules ◽  
Immunoglobulin Domain

Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) and transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) are new immune checkpoint molecules of the B7:CD28 family; however, little research has been performed on these immune checkpoint molecules. In this study, we used oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry methods to investigate the expression patterns of HHLA2 and TMIGD2 in OSCC. After comparing the HHLA2 and TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa, we found increased HHLA2 expression in OSCC and dysplasia, while the TMIGD2 expression was decreased in OSCC and dysplasia. Using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, we found that higher HHLA2 or TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC indicate poor prognosis. Furthermore, two-tailed Pearson’s statistical analysis revealed that the HHLA2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were positively correlated with the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), B7 homolog 4 protein (B7H4), and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) levels, while the TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were inversely correlated with the TIM3, LAG3, and B7H3 levels. Our current study demonstrates that HHLA2 may serve as an immune target for OSCC therapy and that the TMIGD2 expression level in OSCC could forecast patient prognosis.

scholarly journals The lupus susceptibility locus Sgp3 encodes the suppressor of endogenous retrovirus expression SNERV

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S Treger ◽  
Scott D Pope ◽  
Yong Kong ◽  
Maria Tokuyama ◽  
Manabu Taura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Terminal Repeat ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Envelope Glycoprotein ◽  
Transcriptional Regulator ◽  
Zinc Finger Proteins ◽  
Endogenous Retrovirus ◽  
Terminal Repeat ◽  
Susceptibility Locus ◽  
Chromatin Modifications ◽  
Lupus Pathogenesis

Elevated endogenous retrovirus (ERV) transcription and anti-ERV antibody reactivity are implicated in lupus pathogenesis. Overproduction of non-ecotropic ERV (NEERV) envelope glycoprotein, gp70, and resultant nephritis occur in lupus-prone mice. However, a NEERV repressor has not been identified to test if this association is causal. Here we identified suppressor of NEERV (Snerv) 1 & 2, Kruppel-associated box zinc finger proteins (KRAB-ZFP) that repressed NEERV by binding the NEERV long terminal repeat to recruit the transcriptional regulator KAP1. Germline Snerv1/2 deletion increased activating chromatin modifications, transcription, and gp70 expression from NEERV loci. F1 crosses of lupus-prone NZB and 129 mice to Snerv1/2-/- mice failed to restore NEERV repression, demonstrating that loss of SNERV underlies the lupus autoantigen gp70 overproduction that promotes nephritis in susceptible mice. Increased ERV expression in lupus patients was inversely correlated with expression of three putative ERV-suppressing KRAB-ZFP, suggesting that KRAB-ZFP-mediated ERV misexpression may contribute to human lupus pathogenesis.

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