Arm-movement-related neurons in the primate superior colliculus and underlying reticular formation: comparison of neuronal activity with EMGs of muscles of the shoulder, arm and trunk during reaching

1997 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Werner ◽  
Sabine Dannenberg ◽  
K.-P. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Arm Movement

Habituation and sensitization of neuronal activity in the reticular formation of the rat

1972 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip M. Groves ◽  
S. Walden Miller ◽  
M. Virginia Parker
Keyword(s):  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Neuronal Activity

Neuronal activity in the superior colliculus related to saccade initiation during coordinated gaze-reach movements

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1966-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Reyes-Puerta ◽  
Roland Philipp ◽  
Werner Lindner ◽  
Klaus-Peter Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Reach Movements

scholarly journals Neuronal Activity Related to the Visual Representation of Arm Movements in the Lateral Cerebellar Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuguang Liu ◽  
Edwin Robertson ◽  
R. Christopher Miall
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Cerebellar Cortex ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Increased Activity

Testing the hypothesis that the lateral cerebellum forms a sensory representation of arm movements, we investigated cortical neuronal activity in two monkeys performing visually guided step-tracking movements with a manipulandum. A virtual target and cursor image were viewed co-planar with the manipulandum. In the normal task, manipulandum and cursor moved in the same direction; in the mirror task, the cursor was left-right reversed. In one monkey, 70- and 200-ms time delays were introduced on cursor movement. Significant task-related activity was recorded in 31 cells in one animal and 142 cells in the second: 10.2% increased activity before arm movements onset, 77.1% during arm movement, and 12.7% after the new position was reached. To test for neural representation of the visual outcome of movement, firing rate modulation was compared in normal and mirror step-tracking. Most task-related neurons (68%) showed no significant directional modulation. Of 70 directionally sensitive cells, almost one-half ( n = 34, 48%) modulated firing with a consistent cursor movement direction, many fewer responding to the manipulandum direction ( n = 9, 13%). For those “cursor-related” cells tested with delayed cursor movement, increased activity onset was time-locked to arm movement and not cursor movement, but activation duration was extended by an amount similar to the applied delay. Hence, activity returned to baseline about when the delayed cursor reached the target. We conclude that many cells in the lateral cerebellar cortex signaled the direction of cursor movement during active step-tracking. Such a predictive representation of the arm movement could be used in the guidance of visuo-motor actions.

scholarly journals On your mark, get set: Brainstem circuitry underlying saccadic initiation

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 934-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Munoz ◽  
M C Dorris ◽  
M Paré ◽  
S Everling
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Motor Behaviour ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
Brainstem Reticular Formation ◽  
Behavioural Performance ◽  
Situational Experience

Saccades are rapid eye movements that are used to move the visual axis toward targets of interest in the visual field. The time to initiate a saccade is dependent upon many factors. Here we review some of the recent advances in our understanding of the these processes in primates. Neurons in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation are organised into a network to control saccades. Some neurons are active during visual fixation, while others are active during the preparation and execution of saccades. Several factors can influence the excitability levels of these neurons prior to the appearance of a new saccadic target. These pre-target changes in excitability are correlated to subsequent changes in behavioural performance. Our results show how neuronal signals in the superior colliculus and brainstem reticular formation can be shaped by contextual factors and demonstrate how situational experience can expedite motor behaviour via the advanced preparation of motor programs.Key words: superior colliculus, reticular formation, eye movement, saccade, motor preparation, motor control.

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