scholarly journals SU(5) GUTs with A4 modular symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Chen ◽  
Gui-Jun Ding ◽  
Stephen F. King
Keyword(s):  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Neutrino Experiments ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Matter Fields

Abstract We combine SU(5) Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) with A4 modular symmetry and present a comprehensive analysis of the resulting quark and lepton mass matrices for all the simplest cases. Classifying the models according to the representation assignments of the matter fields under A4, we find that there are seven types of SU(5) models with A4 modular symmetry. We present 53 benchmark models with the fewest free parameters. The parameter space of each model is scanned to optimize the agreement between predictions and experimental data, and predictions for the masses and mixing parameters of quarks and leptons are given at the best fitting points. The best fit predictions for the leptonic CP violating Dirac phase, the lightest neutrino mass and the neutrinoless double beta decay parameter when displayed graphically are observed to cover a wide range of possible values, but are clustered around particular regions, allowing future neutrino experiments to discriminate between the different types of models.

scholarly journals Retrieving the True Masses of Gravitational Wave Sources

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Chen ◽  
Zhefeng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Chirp Signal ◽  
Binary Black Holes ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Real Mass ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Gas Effect ◽  
Fitting Parameters

Gravitational waves (GWs) encode important information about the mass of the source. For binary black holes (BBHs), the templates that are used to retrieve the masses normally are developed under the assumption of a vacuum environment. However, theories suggest that some BBHs form in gas-rich environments. Here, we study the effect of hydrodynamic drag on the chirp signal of a stellar-mass BBH and the impact on the measurement of the mass. Based on theoretical arguments, we show that the waveform of a BBH in gas resembles that of a more massive BBH residing in vacuum. The effect is important for those GW sources in the band of space-borne detectors but negligible for those in ground-based ones. Furthermore, we carry out a matched-filtering search of the best fitting parameters. We find that the best-fit chirp mass could be significantly greater than the real mass when the gas effect is ignored. Our results have important implications for the future joint observation of BBHs using both ground- and space-based detectors.

scholarly journals FLAVOR MIXING AND CP VIOLATION OF MASSIVE NEUTRINOS

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHI-ZHONG XING
Keyword(s):  
Cp Violation ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Seesaw Mechanism ◽  
Lepton Flavor ◽  
Long Baseline ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Flavor Mixing ◽  
Massive Neutrinos

We present an overview of recent progress in the phenomenological study of neutrino masses, lepton flavor mixing and CP violation. We concentrate on the model-independent properties of massive neutrinos, both in vacuum and in matter. Current experimental constraints on the neutrino mass spectrum and the lepton flavor mixing parameters are summarized. The Dirac- and Majorana-like phases of CP violation, which are associated respectively with the long-baseline neutrino oscillations and the neutrinoless double beta decay, are discussed in detail. The seesaw mechanism, the leptogenesis scenario and the strategies to construct lepton mass matrices are briefly described. The features of flavor mixing between one sterile neutrino and three active neutrinos are also explored.

scholarly journals SO(10) models with A4 modular symmetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui-Jun Ding ◽  
Stephen F. King ◽  
Jun-Nan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Higgs Field ◽  
Higgs Sector ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Spinor Representation ◽  
Type I ◽  
Minimal Models ◽  
Model Following ◽  
Mass Matrices ◽  
Representation Form ◽  
Best Fit

Abstract We combine SO(10) Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) with A4 modular symmetry and present a comprehensive analysis of the resulting quark and lepton mass matrices for all the simplest cases. We focus on the case where the three fermion families in the 16 dimensional spinor representation form a triplet of Γ3 ≃ A4, with a Higgs sector comprising a single Higgs multiplet H in the 10 fundamental representation and one Higgs field $$ \overline{\Delta } $$ ∆ ¯ in the $$ \overline{\mathbf{126}} $$ 126 ¯ for the minimal models, plus one Higgs field Σ in the 120 for the non-minimal models, all with specified modular weights. The neutrino masses are generated by the type-I and/or type II seesaw mechanisms and results are presented for each model following an intensive numerical analysis where we have optimized the free parameters of the models in order to match the experimental data. For the phenomenologically successful models, we present the best fit results in numerical tabular form as well as showing the most interesting graphical correlations between parameters, including leptonic CP phases and neutrinoless double beta decay, which have yet to be measured, leading to definite predictions for each of the models.

Virtual Teams Classification

2011 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Kangning Wei ◽  
Chingning Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
P 16 ◽  
Best Fit

It is a considerable challenge for most of today’s organizations to cope with the rapidly changing business environment, such as global competition and technology revolution (Townsend et al., 1998; Walker, 2000). In response to these changes, organizations must be more dynamic in their organizational operations and adopt innovative approaches to survive and compete effectively (Arnison & Miller, 2002). One of the successful ways is to establish “virtual teams” as organizing units of work. Virtual teams are groups of geographically and/or organizationally dispersed workers assembled together mainly by information and communication technologies (ICT) to accomplish one or more organizational tasks (DeSanctis & Poole, 1997; Townsend et al., 1998). Recent research has studied a wide range of potential benefits virtual teams offer to organizations, but implementations of virtual teams in organizations will be at risk if organizations fail to address many challenges faced in virtual context (Powell, Piccoli, & Ives, 2004). One of the fundamental questions is to understand the nature of virtual teams. Specially, what kind of virtual teams is the best fit with this organization and task? As Bell and Kozlowski (2002) point out, “the literature has tended to treat virtual teams as a single ‘ideal’ type, yet there are several dimensions or characteristics that vary among and distinguish different types of virtual teams” (p.16). This article underlies four conceptual dimensions that distinguish different types of virtual teams from the literature review. The combination of these dimensions yields many possible types of virtual teams. We hope this classification could provide basic information for further research in virtual teams.

HEAVY MAJORANA NEUTRINOS IN HIGH-ENERGY e-e- COLLISIONS COMPARED WITH THEIR EFFECTS INDUCING NEUTRINOLESS DOUBLE BETA DECAY

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 2429-2446
Author(s):  
CLEMENS A. HEUSCH ◽  
PETER MINKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Beta Decay ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Double Beta Decay ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Short Range Repulsion ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Majorana Neutrinos ◽  
The Masses

We discuss the potential of e-e- collisions at energies comparable to the masses of heavy Majorana neutrinos to reveal their mass and mixing parameters. This potential is compared with the low-energy environment in neutrinoless double beta decay of complex nuclei. We give estimates for the short-range repulsion between any pair of valence quarks bound inside two different nucleons giving rise to suppression factors in the range of 50–100 in amplitude for decays mediated by heavy flavors.

Nanoparticles Functionalized with Venom-Derived Peptides and Toxins for Pharmaceutical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. dos Santos ◽  
Tamara G. de Araújo ◽  
Gandhi Rádis-Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Oral Absorption ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Venom Peptides ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Animal Venoms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

Venom-derived peptides display diverse biological and pharmacological activities, making them useful in drug discovery platforms and for a wide range of applications in medicine and pharmaceutical biotechnology. Due to their target specificities, venom peptides have the potential to be developed into biopharmaceuticals to treat various health conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic pain. Despite the high potential for drug development, several limitations preclude the direct use of peptides as therapeutics and hamper the process of converting venom peptides into pharmaceuticals. These limitations include, for instance, chemical instability, poor oral absorption, short halflife, and off-target cytotoxicity. One strategy to overcome these disadvantages relies on the formulation of bioactive peptides with nanocarriers. A range of biocompatible materials are now available that can serve as nanocarriers and can improve the bioavailability of therapeutic and venom-derived peptides for clinical and diagnostic application. Examples of isolated venom peptides and crude animal venoms that have been encapsulated and formulated with different types of nanomaterials with promising results are increasingly reported. Based on the current data, a wealth of information can be collected regarding the utilization of nanocarriers to encapsulate venom peptides and render them bioavailable for pharmaceutical use. Overall, nanomaterials arise as essential components in the preparation of biopharmaceuticals that are based on biological and pharmacological active venom-derived peptides.

Wetting of glass surface using natural surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihar Ranjan Biswal
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Glass Surface ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Amyl Alcohol ◽  
Synthetic Surfactant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Natural Surfactants ◽  
Triton X ◽  
Solid Liquid

Background: Surfactant adsorption at the interfaces (solid–liquid, liquid–air, or liquid–liquid) is receiving considerable attention from a long time due to its wide range of practical applications. Objective: Specifically wettability of solid surface by liquids is mainly measured by contact angle and has many practical importances where solid–liquid systems are used. Adsorption of surfactants plays an important role in the wetting process. The wetting behaviours of three plant-based natural surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai, and Acacia) on the glass surface are compared with one widely used nonionic synthetic surfactant (Triton X-100) and reported in this study. Methods: The dynamic contact angle study of three different types of plant surfactants (Reetha, Shikakai and Acacia) and one synthetic surfactant (Triton X 100) on the glass surface has been carried out. The effect of two different types of alcohols such as Methanol and amyl alcohol on wettability of shikakai, as it shows little higher value of contact angle on glass surface has been measured. Results: The contact angle measurements show that there is an increase in contact angle from 47° (pure water) to 67.72°, 65.57°, 68.84°, and 68.79° for Reetha, Acacia, Shikakai, and Triton X-100 respectively with the increase in surfactant concentration and remain constant at CMC. The change in contact angle of Shikakai-Amyl alcohol mixtures are slightly different than that of methanol-Shikakai mixture, mostly there is a gradual increase in contact angle with the increasing in alcohol concentration. Conclusion: There is no linear relationship between cos θ and inverse of surface tension. There was a linear increase in surface free energy results with increase in concentration as more surfactant molecules were adsorbing at the interface enhancing an increase in contact angle.

Impact of Environmental Degradation on Human Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
_______ Archana ◽  
Charu Datta ◽  
Pratibha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Economic Institute ◽  
Day By Day

Degradation of environment is one of the most serious challenges before the mankind in today’s world. Mankind has been facing a wide range of problem arising out of the degradation of environment. Not only the areas under human inhabitation, but the areas of the planet without human population have also been suffering from these problems. As the population increase day by day, the amenities are not improved simultaneously. With the advancement of science and technologies the needs of human beings has been changing rapidly. As a result different types of environmental problems have been rising. Environmental degradation is a wide- reaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human population is great. It may be defined the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water, and soil. The destruction of ecosystem and extinction of wildlife. Environmental degradation has occurred due to the recent activities in the field of socio-economic, institute and technology. Poverty still remains a problem as the root of several environmental problems to create awareness among the people about the ill effect of environmental pollution. In the whole research it is clear that all factors of environmental degradation may be reduced through- Framing the new laws on environmental degradation, Environment friend policy, Controlling all the ways and means of noise, air, soil and water pollution, Through growing more and more trees and by adapting the proper sanitation policy.  

Multidirectional War and Paramilitarism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Balkelis
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Cycle Of Violence ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Socially Motivated

This chapter, by following the course of military actions in Lithuania in 1919, explores the emergence of various military and paramilitary groups that engaged in different types of violence. The focus here is on the entanglement of three types of actors: those that performed state-sanctioned violence; those that acted as semi-independent paramilitary agents, and those that engaged in ethnically or socially motivated violence on a local level. The ability of the Lithuanian government to survive the series of military engagements in 1919 enhanced its legitimacy among the local population, and laid the foundation for a modern Lithuanian identity among the masses. Yet the new state and national identity were shaped in a continuous cycle of violence, social strife, mobilization, and militarization of society.

scholarly journals Portable near Infrared Spectroscopy as a Tool for Fresh Tomato Quality Control Analysis in the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 3209
Author(s):  
Karla R. Borba ◽  
Didem P. Aykas ◽  
Maria I. Milani ◽  
Luiz A. Colnago ◽  
Marcos D. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Tomato Quality ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fresh Tomato

Portable spectrometers are promising tools that can be an alternative way, for various purposes, of analyzing food quality, such as monitoring in a few seconds the internal quality during fruit ripening in the field. A portable/handheld (palm-sized) near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer (Neospectra, Si-ware) with spectral range of 1295–2611 nm, equipped with a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMs), was used to develop prediction models to evaluate tomato quality attributes non-destructively. Soluble solid content (SSC), fructose, glucose, titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic, and citric acid contents of different types of fresh tomatoes were analyzed with standard methods, and those values were correlated to spectral data by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Fresh tomato samples were obtained in 2018 and 2019 crops in commercial production, and four fruit types were evaluated: Roma, round, grape, and cherry tomatoes. The large variation in tomato types and having the fruits from distinct years resulted in a wide range in quality parameters enabling robust PLSR models. Results showed accurate prediction and good correlation (Rpred) for SSC = 0.87, glucose = 0.83, fructose = 0.87, ascorbic acid = 0.81, and citric acid = 0.86. Our results support the assertion that a handheld NIR spectrometer has a high potential to simultaneously determine several quality attributes of different types of tomatoes in a practical and fast way.

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