Polymers for bioadhesion, absorption control and tissue separation

2008 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
S. Bengmark
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Absorption Control

scholarly journals Semi-automatic liver segmentation based on probabilistic models and anatomical constraints

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doan Cong Le ◽  
Krisana Chinnasarn ◽  
Jirapa Chansangrat ◽  
Nattawut Keeratibharat ◽  
Paramate Horkaew
Keyword(s):  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Automatic Segmentation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Graph Cut ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
Liver Segmentation ◽  
Seed Point ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Human Interactions

AbstractSegmenting a liver and its peripherals from abdominal computed tomography is a crucial step toward computer aided diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Despite the recent advances in computing methods, faithfully segmenting the liver has remained a challenging task, due to indefinite boundary, intensity inhomogeneity, and anatomical variations across subjects. In this paper, a semi-automatic segmentation method based on multivariable normal distribution of liver tissues and graph-cut sub-division is presented. Although it is not fully automated, the method minimally involves human interactions. Specifically, it consists of three main stages. Firstly, a subject specific probabilistic model was built from an interior patch, surrounding a seed point specified by the user. Secondly, an iterative assignment of pixel labels was applied to gradually update the probabilistic map of the tissues based on spatio-contextual information. Finally, the graph-cut model was optimized to extract the 3D liver from the image. During post-processing, overly segmented nodal regions due to fuzzy tissue separation were removed, maintaining its correct anatomy by using robust bottleneck detection with adjacent contour constraint. The proposed system was implemented and validated on the MICCAI SLIVER07 dataset. The experimental results were benchmarked against the state-of-the-art methods, based on major clinically relevant metrics. Both visual and numerical assessments reported herein indicated that the proposed system could improve the accuracy and reliability of asymptomatic liver segmentation.

scholarly journals Surgical management of ectrodactyly in a dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Márcio Poletto Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Meller Alievi ◽  
Isis Dos Santos Dal-Bó ◽  
Fernanda Silveira Nóbrega ◽  
Paula Cristina Sieczkowski Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Soft Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Elbow Luxation ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Intramedullary Canal ◽  
Mongrel Dog ◽  
Tissue Reconstruction ◽  
Steinmann Pin

Ectrodactyly is the term used to designate cases in which soft and bone tissue separation within the distal region of the thoracic limbs is present. It is observed in particular below the metacarpal bones and extending to the radius and ulna. In addition, it can often be associated with ipsilateral elbow luxation. We describe a case of ectrodactyly in a 3-month-old mongrel dog, where bone and soft tissue separation occurred between the third and fourth digits, extending proximally to the carpal region. We identified shortening of the ulna without elbow luxation. The dog was subjected to a surgical procedure comprising bone and soft tissue reconstruction and ulnar diaphyseal osteotomy, which was fixed using a Steinmann pin in the intramedullary canal, maintaining a distance of 1 cm between the two ulnar fragments. Two distal phalanges were removed because it was not possible to reposition them anatomically in the limb. The dog walked with mild lameness nine months after surgery.

scholarly journals VARIANTS OF MASTOID AND OCCIPITAL EMISSARY FORAMENS AND THEIR CLINICAL CORRELATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 4004-4009
Author(s):  
Ivan Maslarski ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila Belenska-Todorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
Emissary Veins ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Dural Venous Sinuses

Purpose: Emissary foramens in the skull and emissary veins (EV), respectively, have been known for a long time, but their importance is often disregarded. In the present study, we introduce variants of occipital emissary foramens (OEF) unilaterally located on the left, close to оccipital condylе in a formation of three apertures that open together in a sinus near clivus. Material/Methods: Corpses of 30 dеad people were dissected in the Department of Anatomy, and standard techniques for soft tissue separation or maceration of the skull were used. After the removal of the calvaria, fixed bones of the skull were disarticulated. Foramens were cleaned using a double-ended probe, and depth and diameter measurements were performed using an atomical caliper. Results: We found variants of mastoid emissary foramens (MEF) situated into two groups, each of a couple of foramens. Their clinical significance is discussed, compared with existing experience and analysis of their phylogeny and embryogenesis. Conclusion: We introduce OEF and MEF to be important markers for detection of dural venous sinuses (DVS). The latter, together with EV, provide an important mechanism for decreasing intracranial pressure. This happens due to the absence of a valve apparatus in the veins of the brain, and the lack, or small amount, of muscle tissue. There is a possibility of existing varicose veins, such as those caused by arterio-venous fistulas and the pathology associated with it. We suggest the application of EV in imaging as an important study before surgery by lateral and transcondylar approach to the anterior foramen magnum.

scholarly journals Local anesthesia in surgical treatment of patients with otosclerosis with IV degree of hearing loss and deafness

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Kh. M. Diab ◽  
◽  
N. A. Daikhes ◽  
A. A. Kaibov ◽  
O. A. Pashchinina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Muscle Relaxants ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Tissue Separation

The article presents the material devoted to the actual problem-rehabilitation of patients with otosclerosis with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) IV degree and deafness with concomitant diseases. Material and methods: on the basis of Clinical Research Center of Otorhinolaryngology in the Department of ear diseases cochlear implantation (CI) was performed in 4 patients with otosclerosis and comorbidities under local infiltration anesthesia and intravenous sedation with Dexdor drug, which allowed to avoid the introduction of muscle relaxants. In the preoperative period, patients were carefully prepared for the operation, acquainted with each stage of the operation, with tables for intraoperative dialogue. CI was performed by the classical method. Each patient was also interviewed for all parameters (during surgery and in the early postoperative period). Results. After parenteral administration of the drug, the effect was achieved quickly enough, against the background of drug administration, blood pressure did not increase to high figures relative to the norm, aggravation of comorbidities was not noted, patients felt satisfactory, responded to all signs, answered questions by reading from the tables. In no case did patients feel pain during incision, soft tissue separation, boron machine operation, introduction of cochlear implant electrode array and its subsequent testing. Conclusions. The advantages of local anesthesia using the Dexdor drug include: less invasiveness of the procedure; the ability not to use muscle relaxants; cost savings; finding the patient in consciousness, which makes it possible to intraoperatively diagnose the implant and assess the patient’s auditory perception when giving signals; determine the presence or absence of pathological stimulation of the facial nerve; reducing the time of surgery.

Fragile skeletal muscle attachments in dystrophic mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans: isolation and characterization of the mua genes

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Plenefisch ◽  
X. Zhu ◽  
E.M. Hedgecock
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Local Strain ◽  
Muscle Differentiation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tissue Separation ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Skin Fragility

Over 30 Caenorhabditis elegans mutants were identified with normal muscle differentiation and initial locomotion followed by catastrophic detachment of skeletal muscles from the body wall. Reducing the strength of muscle contraction in these mutants with a myosin gene mutation suppresses muscle detachment. These dystrophic mutants identify a novel class of genes required for growth and maintenance of functional muscle attachments, not exceptional alleles of genes required for muscle differentiation and contractility. Nine new genes, named mua, and two previously published loci, unc-23 and vab-10, cause fragile musscle attachments. The primary sites of muscle detachment, including the plane of tissue separation, are characteristic for each gene. We suggest these genes identify feedback mechanisms whereby local strain regulates the extent of myofibril contraction and the placement of new muscle attachments in functioning muscles. Finally, we draw some comparisons to vertebrate skin fragility diseases and muscular dystrophies.

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