Direct imaging of aggregates in aqueous clay-suspensions by x-ray microscopy

2007 ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Niemeyer ◽  
J. Thieme ◽  
P. Guttmann ◽  
T. Wilhein ◽  
D. Rudolph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Suspensions

Taylor-Couette Instability in Anisotropic Clay Suspensions Measured Using Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (25) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Philippe ◽  
C. Baravian ◽  
M. Jenny ◽  
F. Meneau ◽  
L. J. Michot
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Taylor Couette ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Ray Scattering

Direct imaging of time-averaged flow patterns in a fluidized reactor using x-ray computed tomography

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Banholzer ◽  
Clifford L. Spiro ◽  
Philip G. Kosky ◽  
Donald H. Maylotte
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Computed

Stereo soft X-ray microscopy and elemental mapping of haematite and clay suspensions

2009 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-C. GLEBER ◽  
J. THIEME ◽  
W. CHAO ◽  
P. FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Suspensions

Direct Imaging of Valence-Sensitive X-Ray Fluorescence Holograms of Fe3 O4

2018 ◽  
Vol 255 (11) ◽  
pp. 1800100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artoni Kevin R. Ang ◽  
Tomohiro Matsushita ◽  
Yusuke Hashimoto ◽  
Naohisa Happo ◽  
Yuta Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Direct imaging of ultrafast electron dynamics by X-ray sum frequency generation

2019 ◽  
Vol 205 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Jérémy R. Rouxel ◽  
Markus Kowalewski ◽  
Kochise Benett ◽  
Shaul Mukamel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Density ◽  
Valence Electron ◽  
Sum Frequency Generation ◽  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Charge Densities ◽  
Density Image ◽  
Electron Excitations

We present a nonlinear X-ray technique which provides a spatial electron density image of valence electron excitations. The technique combines a visible pump and an X-ray pulse and yields snapshots of the transition charge densities.

scholarly journals X-Ray Sum Frequency Diffraction for Direct Imaging of Ultrafast Electron Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy R. Rouxel ◽  
Markus Kowalewski ◽  
Kochise Bennett ◽  
Shaul Mukamel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Dynamics ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sum Frequency ◽  
Ultrafast Electron Dynamics

Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering from Montmorillonite Clay Suspensions. II

1962 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hight ◽  
W. T. Higdon ◽  
H. C. H. Darley ◽  
P. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Montmorillonite Clay ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Clay Suspensions ◽  
Ray Scattering

Direct Imaging of Interactions between an Icosahedral Virus and Conjugate Fab Fragments by Cryoelectron Microscopy and X-Ray Crystallography

Virology ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 777-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudine Porta ◽  
Guoji Wang ◽  
Holland Cheng ◽  
Zhongguo Chen ◽  
Timothy S. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Direct Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Fab Fragments ◽  
Icosahedral Virus

The reaction of polyvinyl alcohol with montmorillonite

Soil Research ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
WW Emerson ◽  
M Raupach
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Divalent Cations ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyhydroxy Compounds ◽  
Anionic Polymers ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Clay Suspensions

The interaction of montmorillonite with low concentrations (1-5 %) of completely hydrolysed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has been investigated. As there was no release of cations from the clay on adding PVA it is concluded that the exchangeable cations, in particular divalent cations, are not directly involved in the bonding of PVA to montmorillonite. This is consistent with an earlier hypothesis (Emerson 1960) that PVA is hydrogen-bonded to the clay. Efforts to inhibit the formation of these bonds by the addition of various low molecular weight polyhydroxy compounds were not successful. The linkage of PVA to Na-montmorillonite was strongly influenced by the order of addition of small amounts of sodium chloride. Adding salt after the PVA increased the viscosity of the clay suspensions far more than adding salt first. This difference in bonding was also reflected in the swelling behaviour of flakes prepared by filtering and drying the suspensions. It appears that in the presence of salt, the clay crystals come together before many clay PVA bonds are formed, resulting in smaller flocs and looser links due to the unabsorbed segments of the polymer chains. This sensitivity of PVA to salt is in contrast to that of anionic polymers, where the presence of a Stern layer of cations improved the efficiency of bonding. The effective bonding of PVA to the clay is considered to be by OH . . . O bonds along single chains to the clay oxygens. The basal (001) spacing observed on X-ray examination of complexes formed at higher PVA concentrations arises from the crossing of two chains, attached to adjacent silicate sheets.

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