Young’s rule

1978 ◽  
pp. 51-53
Author(s):  
G. D. James
Keyword(s):  
Young's Rule

Thermodynamics of aqueous EDTA systems: Apparent and partial molar heat capacities and volumes of aqueous EDTA4−, HEDTA3−, H2EDTA2−, NaEDTA3−, and KEDTA3− at 25 °C. Relaxation effects in mixed aqueous electrolyte solutions and calculations of temperature dependent equilibrium constants

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamey K. Hovey ◽  
Loren G. Hepler ◽  
Peter R. Tremaine
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Mixed Electrolytes ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Apparent Molar Heat Capacities ◽  
Partial Molar Heat Capacities ◽  
Relaxation Effects ◽  
Young's Rule

Calorimetric and densimetric measurements have led to apparent molar heat capacities and volumes for aqueous solutions of the mixed electrolytes [(CH3)4N]4EDTA + (CH3)4NOH, Na4EDTA + NaOH, and K4EDTA + KOH, and single electrolytes Na2H2EDTA and [(CH3)4N]3[HEDTA] at 25 °C. We have analyzed these results in terms of Young's rule and Pitzer's ion interaction model to obtain standard state partial molar heat capacities and volumes of EDTA4−(aq), HEDTA3−(aq), H2EDTA2−(aq), NaEDTA3−(aq), and KEDTA3−(aq) at 25 °C. For these calculations it was also necessary to evaluate the "relaxation" contribution to the measured heat capacities of some solutions. The partial molar heat capacities obtained here have been used with enthalpies from previous investigations for calculations of several equilibrium constants over wide ranges of temperature; volumes can be used for similar calculations of the effects of pressure.

Dodgson's Rule and Young's Rule

2016 ◽  
pp. 103-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Caragiannis ◽  
Edith Hemaspaandra ◽  
Lane A. Hemaspaandra ◽  
Herve Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Young's Rule

Thermodynamic properties of aqueous diethanolamine (DEA), N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMEA), and their chloride salts: apparent molar heat capacities and volumes at temperatures from 283.15 to 328.15 K

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Collins ◽  
Joelle Tobin ◽  
Dmitri Shvedov ◽  
Rom Palepu ◽  
Peter R Tremaine
Keyword(s):  
Partial Molar Volumes ◽  
Heat Capacities ◽  
Apparent Molar Heat Capacities ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Partial Molar Heat Capacities ◽  
Relaxation Effects ◽  
Chemical Relaxation ◽  
Young's Rule ◽  
Vibrating Tube Densimeter ◽  
Chloride Salts

Apparent molar heat capacities Cp,ϕ and apparent molar volumes Vϕ for aqueous diethanolamine (HOC2H4)2NH, diethanolammonium chloride (HOC2H4)2NH2Cl, N,N'-dimethylethanolamine (HOC2H4)(CH3)2N, and N,N'-dimethylethanolammonium chloride (HOC2H4)(CH3)2NHCl were determined from 283.15 to 328.15 K with a Picker flow microcalorimeter and vibrating tube densimeter. The experimental results have been analyzed in terms of Young's Rule with the Guggenheim form of the extended Debye-Hückel equation and appropriate corrections for chemical relaxation effects. These calculations lead to standard partial molar heat capacities and volumes for the neutral amines, (HOC2H4)2NH(aq) and (HOC2H4)(CH3)2N(aq), and the ions (HOC2H4)2NH2+(aq) and (HOC2H4)(CH3)2NH+(aq) over the experimental temperature range. Key words: standard partial molar volumes, standard partial molar heat capacities, diethanolamine, dimethyethanolamine, aqueous alkanolamine ionization.

A volumetric and NMR study of cyclodextrin-inhalation anesthetic complexes in aqueous solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee D. Wilson ◽  
Ronald E. Verrall
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Apparent Molar Volumes ◽  
Binary Solvent ◽  
Guest Complex ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Host Guest Complex ◽  
Ternary Solutions ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Young's Rule ◽  
Two State Model

The apparent molar volumes (Vϕ) of two anesthetics (halothane and forane) have been determined in water and in binary solvent (H2O + cyclodextrin) systems at 25 °C. The results show that the magnitudes of Vϕ are greater in ternary solutions than in the binary aqueous systems. The apparent molar volumes at infinite dilution (Vϕo) of halothane in ternary solutions are observed to depend on the following factors: (i) the magnitude of the binding constant (K1:1), (ii) the lipophilicity of the anesthetic, (iii) the mole ratio of the host/halothane system, and (iv) the topology (i.e., facial vs. inclusion) of the host/guest complex. The volumetric properties of the ternary systems have been analyzed in terms of the complexed and uncomplexed species by application of Young’s rule. The formation of 1:1 CD–halothane complexes was successfully modeled using a two-state model. The binding affinity of the various cyclodextrins toward halothane is listed in descending order as follows: DM-β-CD > HP-β-CD > β-CD > α-CD > TM-β-CD.

The apparent molal volumes of mixtures of 1:1 electrolytes in aqueous urea solutions: A test of Young's rule

1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry L. Welles ◽  
Michael J. Kustek ◽  
Richard E. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Apparent Molal Volumes ◽  
Aqueous Urea ◽  
Young's Rule ◽  
Molal Volumes
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