Intramolecular statistics of a flexible chain molecule

2006 ◽  
pp. 449-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Isihara
Keyword(s):  
Chain Molecule ◽  
Flexible Chain

Functional Characterization of a Variant Factor XII (F XII Locarno) in a Cross Reacting Material Positive F XII Deficient Plasma

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter A Wuillemin ◽  
Miha Furlan ◽  
Hans Stricker ◽  
Bernhard Lämmle
Keyword(s):  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Healthy Woman ◽  
Chain Molecule ◽  
Plasma Kallikrein ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Sulfate Adsorption ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Functional Studies

SummaryThe plasma of a healthy woman was found to contain half normal factor XII (FXII) antigen level (0.46 U/ml) without any FXII clotting activity (<0.01 U/ml). The variant FXII in this plasma, denoted as FXII Locarno, was partially characterized by immunological and functional studies on the proposita’s plasma. FXII Locarno is a single chain molecule with the same size (M r = 80 kDa) as normal FXII. Isoelectric focusing suggested an excess of negative charge in the variant FXII as compared to normal FXII. In contrast to FXII in normal plasma, FXII Locarno was not proteolytically cleaved upon prolonged incubation of proposita’s plasma with dextran sulfate. Adsorption to kaolin was similar for both, abnormal and normal FXII. Incubation of the proposita’s plasma with dextran sulfate and exogenous plasma kallikrein showed normal cleavage of FXII Locarno outside of the tentative disulfide loop Cys340-Cys467, but only partial cleavage within this disulfide loop. Furthermore, plasma kallikrein-cleaved abnormal FXII showed neither amidolytic activity nor proteolytic activity against factor XI and plasma prekallikrein.These results suggest a structural alteration of FXII Locarno, affecting the plasma kallikrein cleavage site Arg353-Val354 and thus formation of activated FXII (a-FXIIa).

scholarly journals Hyaluronan orders water molecules in its nanoscale extended hydration shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. eabf2558
Author(s):  
J. Dedic ◽  
H. I. Okur ◽  
S. Roke
Keyword(s):  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Hydration Shell ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Flexible Chain ◽  
Optical Modeling ◽  
Hydration Shells ◽  
Second Harmonic Scattering ◽  
Nuclear Quantum Effects ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Hyaluronan (HA) is an anionic, highly hydrated bio-polyelectrolyte found in the extracellular environment, like the synovial fluid between joints. We explore the extended hydration shell structure of HA in water using femtosecond elastic second-harmonic scattering (fs-ESHS). HA enhances orientational water-water correlations. Angle-resolved fs-ESHS measurements and nonlinear optical modeling show that HA behaves like a flexible chain surrounded by extended shells of orientationally correlated water. We describe several ways to determine the concentration-dependent size and shape of a polyelectrolyte in water, using the amount of water oriented by the polyelectrolyte charges as a contrast agent. The spatial extent of the hydration shell is determined via temperature-dependent measurements and can reach up to 475 nm, corresponding to a length of 1600 water molecules. A strong isotope effect, stemming from nuclear quantum effects, is observed when light water (H2O) is replaced by heavy water (D2O), amounting to a factor of 4.3 in the scattered SH intensity.

Influence of the solvent on the conformation of a chain molecule

1998 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 2011-2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hin Hark Gan ◽  
Byung Chan Eu
Keyword(s):  
Chain Molecule ◽  
A Chain

scholarly journals Translational Fusion of Two β-Subunits of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Results in Production of a Novel Antagonist of the Hormone

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 148 (8) ◽  
pp. 3977-3986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satarupa Roy ◽  
Sunita Setlur ◽  
Rupali A. Gadkari ◽  
H. N. Krishnamurthy ◽  
Rajan R. Dighe
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chain Molecule ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Lh Receptor

The strategy of translationally fusing the α- and β-subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) into a single-chain molecule has been used to produce novel analogs of hCG. Previously we reported expression of a biologically active single-chain analog hCGαβ expressed using Pichia expression system. Using the same expression system, another analog, in which the α-subunit was replaced with the second β-subunit, was expressed (hCGββ) and purified. hCGββ could bind to LH receptor with an affinity three times lower than that of hCG but failed to elicit any response. However, it could inhibit response to the hormone in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it inhibited response to hCG in vivo indicating the antagonistic nature of the analog. However, it was unable to inhibit human FSH binding or response to human FSH, indicating the specificity of the effect. Characterization of hCGαβ and hCGββ using immunological tools showed alterations in the conformation of some of the epitopes, whereas others were unaltered. Unlike hCG, hCGββ interacts with two LH receptor molecules. These studies demonstrate that the presence of the second β-subunit in the single-chain molecule generated a structure that can be recognized by the receptor. However, due to the absence of α-subunit, the molecule is unable to elicit response. The strategy of fusing two β-subunits of glycoprotein hormones can be used to produce antagonists of these hormones.

Magnetic properties of metal oxide clusters linked by flexible chain siloxane fragments

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1670-1672
Author(s):  
M. M. Levitsky ◽  
A. R. Arutyunyan ◽  
B. G. Zavin ◽  
V. V. Erokhin ◽  
A. L. Buchachenko
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Flexible Chain ◽  
Metal Oxide Clusters

Electrical Insulation Property of Silicone Rubber Tube in High Elevations

2012 ◽  
Vol 503-504 ◽  
pp. 1006-1009
Author(s):  
Guo Min Li ◽  
Chuan Li ◽  
Yun Shui Xu ◽  
Qing Hua Yan ◽  
Shao Quan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicone Rubber ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Electrical Insulation ◽  
Chain Molecule ◽  
Rubber Tube ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Test Voltage ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
Potential Test

Silicone rubber is a polymer with the chain molecule structure of Si-O bond [1]. At the environment of 1970 m elevation, the power frequency withstand voltage and condensation experiments will be tested by using two silicone rubber tubes with length of 300mm and 330mm, which lasts one minute, under 85kV. In the high potential test, the silicone rubber tube does not appear the flashover when the surface of tubes weren’t polluted. However, the test voltage increases to 70kV and the surface of the silicone rubber tube will appear flashover, when the tubes are plated in the condensation conditions. The high potential experiments indicate that the electrical insulation property of silicone rubber tube is seriously debated in the humidity environment.

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