Eurasian Economic Union: A sober look

2016 ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
General Rules ◽  
Economic Union ◽  
Trade And Investment

The paper appraises current progress in establishing the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although the progress has slowed down after the initial rapid advancement, the Union is better viewed not as an exception from the general rules of regional economic integration but rather as one of the functioning customs unions with its successes and stumbling blocs. The paper reviews the state of Eurasian institutions, the establishment of the single market of goods and services, the situation with mutual trade and investment flows among the member states, the ongoing work on the liquidation/unification of non-tariff barriers, the problems of the efficient coordination of macroeconomic policies, progress towards establishing an EAEU network of free trade areas with partners around the world, the state of the common labor market, and the dynamics of public opinion on Eurasian integration in the five member states.

Repurposing N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA), a Pharmaceutical Excipient, as a Prototype Novel Anti-inflammatory Agent for the Prevention and/or Treatment of Preterm Birth

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 989-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samir Gorasiya ◽  
Juliet Mushi ◽  
Ryan Pekson ◽  
Sabesan Yoganathan ◽  
Sandra E. Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
The United States ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Excipient ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Exciting Line ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Background: Preterm birth (PTB), or birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, accounts for the majority of perinatal morbidity and mortality. As of 2016, PTB has an occurrence rate of 9.6% in the United States and accounts for up to 18 percent of births worldwide. Inflammation has been identified as the most common cause of PTB, but effective pharmacotherapy has yet to be developed to prevent inflammation driven PTB. Our group has discovered that N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), a readily available solvent commonly used as a pharmaceutical excipient, rescues lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced timed pregnant mice from PTB. Methods: We have used in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro approaches to investigate this compound further. Results: Interestingly, we found that DMA suppresses cytokine secretion by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). In ongoing work in this exciting line of investigation, we are currently investigating structural analogs of DMA, some of them novel, to optimize this approach focused on the inflammation associated with PTB. Conclusion: Successful development of pharmacotherapy for the prevention of PTB rests upon the pursuit of multiple strategies to solve this important clinical challenge.

Beyond DNA-targeting in Cancer Chemotherapy. Emerging Frontiers- A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N Mbugua ◽  
L.W Njenga ◽  
R.A Odhiambo ◽  
S.O Wandiga ◽  
M.O Onani
Keyword(s):  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Dna Targeting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Target Dna ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
New Research ◽  
Innovative Drugs

: Modern anticancer drugs target DNA specifically on rapid division of malignant cells. One downside of this approach is that they also target other rapidly dividing healthy cells such as those involved in hair growth leading to serious toxic side effects and hair loss. Therefore, it would be better to develop novel agents that address cellular signalling mechanisms unique to cancerous cells, and new research is now focussing on such approaches. Although the classical chemotherapy area involving DNA as the set target continues to produce important findings, nevertheless, a distinctly discernible emerging trend is the divergence from the cisplatin operation model that uses the metal as the primary active centre of the drug. Many successful anti-cancer drugs present are associated with elevated toxicity levels. Cancers also develop immunity against most therapies and the area of cancer research can therefore be seen as an area with a high unaddressed need. Hence, ongoing work into cancer pathogenesis is important to create accurate preclinical tests which can contribute to the development of innovative drugs to manage and treat cancer. Some of the emergent frontiers utilizing different approaches include nanoparticles delivery, use of quantum dots, metal complexes, tumour ablation, magnetic hypothermia and hyperthermia by use of Superparamagnetic Iron oxide Nanostructures, pathomics and radiomics, laser surgery and exosomes. This review summarizes these new approaches in good detail giving critical views with necessary comparisons. It also delves into what they carry for the future including their advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Learning of food preferences: mechanisms and implications for obesity & metabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Rudolf Berthoud ◽  
Christopher D. Morrison ◽  
Karen Ackroff ◽  
Anthony Sclafani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Reward System ◽  
Nutrient Sensing ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Dietary Knowledge ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Brain Reward ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vagal Function

AbstractOmnivores, including rodents and humans, compose their diets from a wide variety of potential foods. Beyond the guidance of a few basic orosensory biases such as attraction to sweet and avoidance of bitter, they have limited innate dietary knowledge and must learn to prefer foods based on their flavors and postoral effects. This review focuses on postoral nutrient sensing and signaling as an essential part of the reward system that shapes preferences for the associated flavors of foods. We discuss the extensive array of sensors in the gastrointestinal system and the vagal pathways conveying information about ingested nutrients to the brain. Earlier studies of vagal contributions were limited by nonselective methods that could not easily distinguish the contributions of subsets of vagal afferents. Recent advances in technique have generated substantial new details on sugar- and fat-responsive signaling pathways. We explain methods for conditioning flavor preferences and their use in evaluating gut–brain communication. The SGLT1 intestinal sugar sensor is important in sugar conditioning; the critical sensors for fat are less certain, though GPR40 and 120 fatty acid sensors have been implicated. Ongoing work points to particular vagal pathways to brain reward areas. An implication for obesity treatment is that bariatric surgery may alter vagal function.

scholarly journals Providing large-scale disk storage at CERN

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 04033
Author(s):  
Hervé Rousseau ◽  
Belinda Chan Kwok Cheong ◽  
Cristian Contescu ◽  
Xavier Espinal Curull ◽  
Jan Iven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Distributed Storage ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Software Distribution ◽  
Microsoft Office

The CERN IT Storage group operates multiple distributed storage systems and is responsible for the support of the infrastructure to accommodate all CERN storage requirements, from the physics data generated by LHC and non-LHC experiments to the personnel users' files. EOS is now the key component of the CERN Storage strategy. It allows to operate at high incoming throughput for experiment data-taking while running concurrent complex production work-loads. This high-performance distributed storage provides now more than 250PB of raw disks and it is the key component behind the success of CERNBox, the CERN cloud synchronisation service which allows syncing and sharing files on all major mobile and desktop platforms to provide offline availability to any data stored in the EOS infrastructure. CERNBox recorded an exponential growth in the last couple of year in terms of files and data stored thanks to its increasing popularity inside CERN users community and thanks to its integration with a multitude of other CERN services (Batch, SWAN, Microsoft Office). In parallel CASTOR is being simplified and transitioning from an HSM into an archival system, focusing mainly in the long-term data recording of the primary data from the detectors, preparing the road to the next-generation tape archival system, CTA. The storage services at CERN cover as well the needs of the rest of our community: Ceph as data back-end for the CERN OpenStack infrastructure, NFS services and S3 functionality; AFS for legacy home directory filesystem services and its ongoing phase-out and CVMFS for software distribution. In this paper we will summarise our experience in supporting all our distributed storage system and the ongoing work in evolving our infrastructure, testing very-dense storage building block (nodes with more than 1PB of raw space) for the challenges waiting ahead.

Gravitational Lensing Studies of High Resolution Cluster Simulations

2005 ◽  
Vol 201 ◽  
pp. 476-477
Author(s):  
Lindsay King ◽  
Douglas Clowe ◽  
Peter Schneider ◽  
Volker Springel
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Gravitational Lensing ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Weak Lensing ◽  
Reconstruction Technique ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Non Parametric

In our ongoing work, we use high resolution cluster simulations to study gravitational lensing. These simulations have a softening length of 0.7 h-1 kpc and a particle mass of 4.68 × 107M⊙ (Springel 1999). Questions that can be addressed include the accuracy with which substructure on various scales can be recovered using the information from lensing. This is very important in determining the power of lensing in studying the evolution of cluster substructure as a function of redshift. We briefly consider how a weak lensing non-parametric reconstruction technique and the Map-statistic can be applied to the simulations.

scholarly journals A New Formalism for Classifying Spin-Orbit Systems Using Tools Distilled from the Theory of Bundles

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1660098
Author(s):  
K. Heinemann ◽  
D. P. Barber ◽  
J. A. Ellison ◽  
M. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
Spin Dynamics ◽  
Invariant Sets ◽  
Spin Orbit ◽  
Spin Tensor ◽  
Spin Vector ◽  
Spin Motion ◽  
New Formalism ◽  
Fibre Bundles ◽  
Ongoing Work

We give an informal summary of ongoing work which uses tools distilled from the theory of fibre bundles to classify and connect invariant fields associated with spin motion in storage rings. We mention four major theorems. One ties invariant fields with the notion of normal form, the second allows comparison of different invariant fields and the two others tie the existence of invariant fields to the existence of certain invariant sets. We explain how the theorems apply to the spin dynamics of spin-[Formula: see text] and spin-[Formula: see text] particles. Our approach elegantly unifies the spin-vector dynamics from the T-BMT equation with the spin-tensor dynamics and other dynamics and suggests an avenue for addressing the question of the existence of the invariant spin field.

Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Spray Cooling

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eelco Gehring ◽  
Mario F. Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heated Surface ◽  
Spray Cooling ◽  
Impingement Zone ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Efficient Suppression ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cooling Behavior ◽  
Free Surface Capturing ◽  
The Impact

A primary mechanism of heat transfer in spray cooling is the impingement of numerous droplets onto a heated surface. This mechanism is isolated in the present and ongoing work by numerically simulating the impact of a single train of FC-72 droplets employing an implicit free surface capturing methodology. The droplet frequency and velocity ranges from 2000–4000 Hz, and 0.5–2 m/s, respectively, with a fixed drop size of 239 μm. This gives a corresponding Weber and Reynolds range of 10–170 and 330–1300, respectively. Results show that the impingement zone is largely free of phase change effects due to the efficient suppression of the local temperature field well below the saturated value. Due in part to the relatively high value of the Prandtl number and the compression of the boundary layer from the impingement flow, a cell size on the order of 1 μm is necessary to adequately capture the heat transfer dynamics. It is shown that the cooling behavior increases in relation to increasing frequency and impact velocity, but is most sensitive to velocity. In fact, for sufficiently low velocities the calculations show that the momentum imparted on the film is insufficient to maintain a near stationary liquid crown. The consequence is a noticeable penalty on the cooling behavior.

Simulation of the Response of Buried Pipelines to Slope Movement Using 3D Continuum Modeling

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelfettah Fredj ◽  
Aaron Dinovitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Slope Movement ◽  
Ground Movement ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Continuum Modeling ◽  
Buried Pipelines ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Codes Of Practice ◽  
Modeling Process ◽  
Ongoing Work

Pipeline integrity is affected by the action of external soil loads in addition to internal fluid pressure. External soil loads can be generated by landslides or at sites subject to ground subsidence, heave or seismic effects. Under these varied conditions of ground movement potential pipeline safety involves constraints on design and operations. The design processes includes developing an understanding of strains that could be imposed on the pipe (strain demand) and strain limits that the pipe can withstand without failure. The ability to predict the pipeline load, stress or strains state in the presence of soil restraint and/or soil displacement induced loading is not well described in design standards or codes of practice. This paper describes the ongoing work involved in a study investigating the mechanical behavior of buried pipelines interacting with active landslides. Detailed pipe-soil interaction analyses were completed with a 3D continuum SPH method. This paper describes the LS-DYNA numerical modeling process, previously developed by the authors, which was refined and applied to site-specific conditions. To illustrate the performance of the modeling process to consider a translational slide, additional numerical model validation was completed and is described in this paper. These comparisons illustrate that good agreement was observed between the modeling results and experimental full scale trial results. Sample results of the application of the validated 3D continuum modeling process are presented. These results are being used to develop generalized trends in pipeline response to slope movements. The paper describes both the progress achieved to date and the future potential for simplified engineering design tools to assess the load or deformation capacity requirements of buried pipelines exposed to different types of slope movement.

Dysphagia: implications for older people

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Miller ◽  
J Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health Economic ◽  
Older People ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Management Of Dysphagia

SummaryDysphagia represents a salient concern in many conditions prevalent in older people. There are direct implications for morbidity and mortality. The importance of recognizing and managing dysphagia in hospital and the community also extends to psychosocial impact and quality of life, as well as health, economic and ethical-legal issues. This review outlines reasons for the importance of recognizing and treating dysphagia. It then proceeds to look at recent developments in our understanding of the nature, assessment and management of dysphagia in older people. Whilst there are well-established practices in assessment and management, ongoing work continues to challenge the validity and reliability of many methods. These concerns are covered and directions for future developments highlighted.

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